back 280 B.C. Olympiad 125.1

Consuls: P. Valerius Laevinus, Ti. Coruncanius Ti.f.
Athenian archon: Gorgias
Olympic victor in the stadion race: Ladas of Aegium

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    Click on the links in the lists of references to go to the sources for each event

1 MAC {Peritius -M = ? January} Document: Burstein_54, a record of the manumission of slaves at Beroea.
3 ROM {1 April -R} The triumph of Marcius, over the Etruscans.
@ #FastTr_p98.
4 EGY << Ptolemaeus II authorises the translation of the Jewish Bible into Greek, and sends gifts to the high priest Eleazar.
* Read Aristeas' account
@ Aristeas_28-120; Joseph:AJ_12'34-84; Euseb:HistEc_5.8'11<q" Irenaeus>; Tert:Apol_18'5-6; +Hieron:Chron_1736; August:DeCiv_8.11'c, 18.42'b; Tzetz:ProlCom_21.
5 Eleazar sends seventy Jewish scholars to assist Ptolemaeus, who holds a banquet in their honour.
* Read Aristeas' account
@ Aristeas_121-300; Joseph:AJ_12'85-102; Euseb:HistEc_5.8'12<q" Irenaeus>; Tert:Apol_18'7; ClemAl:Strom_1.22'a; August:DeCiv_18.42'c, 43'b.
6 ITA Pyrrhus sends Cineas ahead to Tarentum.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ ~Plut:Pyrrh_15'1; Zonar_8.2'f, 'h-j.
7 EPI Pyrrhus sets sail for Italy.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Ennius:Ann_177; ~Plut:Pyrrh_15'2-7; Just_18.1'3; +Zonar_8.2'j-k.
8 ITA Pyrrhus arrives in Italy, bringing elephants to back up his army.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Polyb_2.41'11; Liv_31.3'6; ~[Liv]:Per_12'a; Plin:HN_8'16;L  ~Plut:Pyrrh_15'8-16'3; Appian:Sam_8'1-3;(18)  Paus_1.12'2; Gell_17.21'37;L  Just_18.1'3; ~Oros_4.1'5-6;L  +Zonar_8.2'k-m; {CAH_7.2'466; Green_230.}
9 ITA The Samnites join Pyrrhus.
* Read Livy's account
@ Liv_23.42'2, '6, 31.7'11.
10 Pyrrhus offers to negotiate with the Romans.
* Read Dionysius' account
@ DionHal_19.9'1-10'5; ~Plut:Pyrrh_16'4-5; DioCass_fr.40'13; +Zonar_8.3'a-e; {CAH_7.2'467-468.}
11 ETR Coruncanius leads an army against the Etruscans.
* Read Livy's account
@ ~[Liv]:Per_13'c; +Zonar_8.4'a.
12 A Roman garrison is sent to Rhegium.
* Read Dionysius' account
@ Polyb_1.7'6; ~Diod_22.1'2, '13; Liv_31.31'6; DionHal_20.4'1-2; ~[Liv]:Per_12'b; DioCass_fr.40'7; {CAH_7.2'539; OCD_r.}
13 Pyrrhus defeats the Romans at the battle of Heracleia.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Ennius:Ann_181-185; ~Diod_22.6'1-2; DionHal_19.11'1-12'6; ~[Liv]:Per_13'a; Frontin:Str_2.4'9, '13, 4.1'24, 7'7; ~Plut:Pyrrh_16'6-18'2, :Flam_5'6, :Mor_194'F; Flor_1.13'7-8, '14-18;L  Appian:Sam_10'1;(22)  Paus_1.12'2-3; DioCass_fr.40'14-19; Just_18.1'4-7; [Vict]:VirIll_35'3-5;L  Eutrop_2.11'2-3; ~Oros_4.1'8-18;L  +Zonar_8.3'e-l; {CAH_7.2'468; OCD_p.}
14 Locri and other places desert from the Romans.
* Read Dio's account
@ Liv_35.14'9; DioCass_fr.40'21-22; ~Just_18.1'8-9; +Zonar_8.3'm; {CAH_7.2'469.}
15 Ti.Coruncanius arrives with Roman reinforcements.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ ~Plut:Pyrrh_18'1-3; Flor_1.13'19; Appian:Sam_10'8;(24)  DioCass_fr.40'28; [Vict]:VirIll_35'7;L  +Zonar_8.4'a.
16 ROM {10 July -R} The triumph of Aemilius, over Tarentum and the Samnites and Sallentini.
@ #FastTr_p98.
17 MAC Ptolemaeus Ceraunus defeats Antigonus the son of Demetrius.
* Read Memnon's account
@ Memn_8'4-6; ~Just_24.1'1, '8; {CAH_7.1'114.}
18 SIC << Hicetas of Syracuse defeats Phintias of Acragas.
@ ~Diod_22.2'1.
19 EGY The Jewish Bible is translated into Greek (the "Septuagint").
* Read Aristeas' account
@ Aristeas_301-322; Joseph:AJ_12'103-118; Tert:Apol_18'8; ClemAl:Strom_1.22'a; Euseb:HistEc_5.8'13-14<q" Irenaeus>, 7.32'16<q" Anatolius>; Porph:Fr_42; [Euseb]:Chron_79'a, 127'c; ChronPasc_425'A-B; +Hieron:Chron_1736; August:DeCiv_8.11'b, 15.13'a-c, 18.42'c-d, 43'b-c; Malal_196; ExcBarb_35B; {~OCD_s; Green_697<250?>.}
20 AEG ?? The historian Duris establishes himself as tyrant of Samos.
* Read Athenaeus' account
@ Athen_8.337'd; Suda_L'776; {In the period before Samos came under the control of Ptolemaeus.}
21 ?? Dedications made by Ptolemaeus, Polycleitus, Philocles, Iomilcus, and Xenophantus at the temple of Apollo on Delos.
@ Bagnall_130'C.
22 PEL The founding of the Achaean League.
* Read Polybius' account
@ ~Polyb_2.39'11-41'12, 43'1, 4.1'5-7; Strab_8.384'b,(7.1)  385'b;(7.3)  Paus_7.7'1-2; {CAH_7.1'244; OCD_a.}
23 GRE Heracleia-ad-Oetam joins the Aetolian League.
@ +Paus_10.20'9; {~CAH_7.1'234.}
24 << Epicurus' friend Metrodorus assists Mithres, a former minister of Lysimachus who had been arrested at Peiraeus.
@ Plut:Mor_1097'B, 1126'E-F; {This probably happened soon after Lysimachus' defeat and death.}
25 << Document: Burstein_14, a letter from Epicurus to Herodotus about the ransoming of Mithres.
26 ASI << Document: OGI_219, a decree of Ilium in honour of Antiochus I.
@ Bagnall_16.
27 ASI Antiochus I is appointed "stephanephoros" of Miletus.
@ Burstein_25.
28 ITA Pyrrhus advances on Rome, as far as Anagnia in Latium.
* Read Dio's account
@ Liv_31.7'10; ~[Liv]:Per_13'a; Plin:HN_14'12;L  Flor_1.13'24; Appian:Sam_10'10;(24)  Ampel_28'3,L  45'2;L  (?) DioCass_fr.40'25-26; [Vict]:VirIll_35'6;L  ~Eutrop_2.12'1; +Zonar_8.4'b; {CAH_7.2'470.}
29 Pyrrhus retires to Campania.
* Read Zonaras' account
@ Appian:Sam_10'10;(24)  DioCass_fr.40'27; ~Eutrop_2.12'1-2; +Zonar_8.4'b-c; {CAH_7.2'470.}
30 SIC The Carthaginians defeat Hicetas.
@ ~Diod_22.2'2; {CAH_7.2'666.}
31 ROM Cineas arrives at Rome as the ambassador of Pyrrhus, and unsuccessfully attempts to win support with bribes.
* Read Diodorus' account
@ Cic:Tusc_1'59;L  Diod_22.6'3; Liv_34.4'6; ~[Liv]:Per_13'a-b; ValMax_4.3'14;L  Seneca:Contr_1.pr'19;L  Plin:HN_7'88;L  ~Plut:Pyrrh_18'4-5; Aelian:Fr_6; Just_18.2'7-8; Eutrop_2.12'4; +Zonar_8.4'h-i; {CAH_7.2'470-471.}
32 >> The senate rejects Pyrrhus' peace terms, after a speech by Ap.Claudius Caecus.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Ennius:Ann_194-196; Cic:Brut_55, 61, :Sen_16, :Phil_1'11; ~[Liv]:Per_13'b; Ovid:Fast_6'203-204;L  ValMax_8.13'5;L  Quint_2.16'7; ~Plut:Pyrrh_18'6-19'5, :Mor_794'D-F; Flor_1.13'20; Appian:Sam_10'1-7;(22)  Ampel_19'2;L  DioCass_fr.40'39-42; Just_18.2'10; [Vict]:VirIll_34'9;L  Eutrop_2.13'1; +Zonar_8.4'i-l; {CAH_7.2'399, '471; Green_693.}
33 ITA >> Cineas returns to Pyrrhus, and calls the Roman senate "a parliament of kings".
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Ennius:Ann_197; Liv_9.17'14; ~Plut:Pyrrh_19'5-7; Flor_1.13'20; Appian:Sam_10'8-9;(24)  Just_18.2'10; ~Eutrop_2.13'3; AmmMarc_16.10'5.
34 >> Fabricius is sent on a mission to Pyrrhus.
* Read Dionysius' account
@ Cic:Sen_43; DionHal_19.13'1-18'8; ~[Liv]:Per_13'a; +CIL_6.37048; ValMax_4.3'6,L  5.1e'3;L  Seneca:Contr_2.1'29,L  5.2;L  Frontin:Str_4.3'2; ~Plut:Pyrrh_20'1-10, :Mor_195'A; Flor_1.13'21; Appian:Sam_10'11-14;(25)  DioCass_fr.40'29-38; Just_18.2'6; Eutrop_2.12'2-3, 14'1; August:DeCiv_5.18'n; +Zonar_8.4'd-h; {OCD_f.}
35 >> Pyrrhus releases the Roman prisoners.
* Read Dionysius' account
@ Ennius:Ann_186-193; Liv_22.59'18, 25.6'3; DionHal_20.6'1-3; ~[Liv]:Per_13'a; ValMax_2.7'15;L  Frontin:Str_4.1'18; ~Plut:Pyrrh_20'10-11; Flor_1.13'15; Appian:Sam_10'15-16;(26)  Just_18.1'10; [Vict]:VirIll_35'6;L  ~Eutrop_2.12'2,13'2; {CAH_7.2'471.}
36 ROM Cn.Domitius is appointed dictator, to hold the elections for new consuls.
@ +FastCap_p52.
37 GRE The floruit of the philosophers Zenon and Epicurus.
@ +Gell_17.21'38.L 
38 ?? The tragic actor Polus appears in eight plays within four days, shortly before his death.
@ Plut:Mor_785'B-C<q" Philoch_222>; {Polus was a pupil of Archias, the "exile-hunter" who was active about 322 B.C.}
39 CIL ?? The birth of the philosopher Chrysippus.
* Read Diogenes' account
@ Lucian:Macr_20; DiogLaert_7'184; Suda_B'568; {OCD_c; Green_633.}

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