| 1
| ROM {1 January} The senate meets to discuss the threat of war against Antonius.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Phil_5'1-53,*
6'1,
10'3,
:AdBrut_3'4;(2.3)
+Appian:BCiv_3'50;
+DioCass_45.17'1,
45.17'9-46.29'1;
{ CAH_9'480.}
|
|---|
| 2
| The senate awards special honours to Octavianus, who is given the rank of propraetor.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Phil_11'20;
[Cic]:AdOct_4;L
Aug:ResGest_1;
[Liv]:Per_118;
Vell_2.62'1;
+Plut:Cic_45'3;
Tac:Ann_1'10;
Suet:Aug_10'3;
+Appian:BCiv_3'51;
+DioCass_46.29'2-6.*
|
|---|
| 3
| {4 January} The senate votes to send three envoys to convey their decisions to Antonius.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Phil_6'1-19,*
7'13-14,
9'8-9,
13'20,
14'4;
+Appian:BCiv_3'51-61.(↓)
|
|---|
| 4
| {7 January} Octavianus takes up the fasces for the first time.
@
#EhrJon:Fast_Jan7.
|
|---|
| 5
| Dire omens portend the onset of civil war.
* Read Dio's account
@
Plin:HN_2'96;
+DioCass_45.17'2-9,*
33'1-6;
+Obseq_69;
(?)
ChronPasc_468'B.
|
|---|
| 6
| ILL << M.Brutus seizes the territory and army of P.Vatinius, the proconsul of Illyricum.
* Read Velleius' account
@
Cic:Phil_10'13;
[Liv]:Per_118;
Vell_2.69'3-4;*
Appian:Ill_13,(↓)
:BCiv_4'75;
DioCass_47.21'6;
{ DPRR.}
|
|---|
| 7
| ASI Dolabella kills Trebonius at Smyrna.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Phil_11'1,
'5,
'7-9,
13'22-23,
14'8;
:Fam_12.12'1,
15'4,
:AdBrut_3'1;(2.3)
[Liv]:Per_119;
Strab_14'646;(1.37)
Vell_2.69'1;
Appian:BCiv_3'26,*
'61,(↓)
4'58;
DioCass_47.29'2-6;
Oros_6.18'6;
{ CAH_9'481; OCD_t.}
|
|---|
| 8
| {24 January} Dolabella excuses the Jews in Asia from military service.
@
#Joseph:AJ_14'223-228.
|
|---|
| 9
| ROM The death of Decimus Laberius, the writer of mimes.
@
+Hieron:Chron_1974;
{ OCD_l; 10 months after the death of Caear.}
|
|---|
| 10
| Document: Cic:Phil_7, a speech of Cicero encouraging the senate to remain vigilant against Antonius.
@
(?)
Cic:Phil_12'16.
|
|---|
| 11
| Cicero practices declamation with Hirtius and Pansa.
@
Seneca:Contr_1.pr'11;L
Suet:Rhet_1.
|
|---|
| 12
| CIS Antonius rejects the terms brought by the senate's envoys, and offers his own proposals.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Phil_9'2,
'6-7,
'15,
12'11,
13'21,
:Fam_11.8'1,
12.5'3;
+Appian:BCiv_3'61-63;*
+DioCass_46.30'1-4,
35'3.
|
|---|
| 13
| Document: Cic:Fam_10.5 & 11.8, letters from Cicero to Plancus and Decimus Brutus.
|
|---|
| 14
| ROM {January} Document: Cic:Fam_9.24 & 12.24, letters from Cicero to Paetus and Cornificius.
|
|---|
| 15
| {2-4 February} Document: Cic:Fam_10.28 & Cic:EpFr_4'16, letters from Cicero to Trebonius and Octavianus.
|
|---|
| 16
| ++ Servius Sulpicius is an eminent Roman lawyer and orator.
* Read Quintilian's account
@
Quint_10.5'4;*
Gell_7.5'1;
Justin:Dig_1.2.2'43-44.
|
|---|
| 17
| The senate votes for emergency measures against Antonius after their envoys return; Sulpicius dies during the journey back.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Phil_8'1-33;*
[Liv]:Per_118;
Plut:Ant_17'1;
+Appian:BCiv_3'63,
'64,
4'58;
+DioCass_46.31'1-32'4;
Eutrop_7.1'1;
Oros_6.18'3;
{ CAH_9480; OCD_s.}
|
|---|
| 18
| Servius Sulpicius is given a public funeral.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Phil_9'1-17;*
Hieron:Chron_1973;
Justin:Dig_1.2.2'43.
|
|---|
| 19
| Document: Cic:Phil_10, a speech of Cicero about the successes of M.Brutus in Macedonia.
|
|---|
| 20
| {February} Document: Cic:Fam_12.4-5, two letters from Cicero to Cassius.
|
|---|
| 21
| Taxes are reintroduced at Rome, for the first time in over 120 years.
@
+Plut:Aem_38'1;
{ Plutarch says that the taxes were intended to fund the war at Mutina.}
|
|---|
| 22
| EGY {15 Mecheir -E = 14 February} Document: AET_5.3, the epitaph of the musician Kheredankh, daughter of Psherenptah.
|
|---|
| 23
| ROM {23 February} Cicero is afraid to travel outside Rome on the day of the Terminalia.
@
#Cic:Phil_12'24.
|
|---|
| 25
| SYR {March} C.Cassius wins over all the legions in Syria, together with four legions from Egypt.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Phil_11'30-35,
:Fam_12.11'1,
12'1-3,*
14'6,
:AdBrut_3'3;(2.3)
Strab_16'753;(2.10)
[Liv]:Per_120;
Vell_2.69'2;
Joseph:BJ_1'218-219,
:AJ_14'271-272;
+Appian:BCiv_3'78,
4'58-59,
5'8;
DioCass_47.28'1-5;
{ OCD_c.}
|
|---|
| 26
| CIS Pontius Aquila defeats Plancus Bursa, an officer of Antonius, at Pollentia.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Phil_11'14,
13'27;
+DioCass_46.38'3-4.*
|
|---|
| 27
| ROM The senate votes to send a second embassy to Antonius.
@
Cic:Phil_12'1-7;
{ CAH_9'482.}
|
|---|
| 28
| {March} Document: Cic:Phil_11 & 12, two further speeches by Cicero, concerning war against Dolabella and the embassy to Antonius.
@
Cic:Phil_13'39,
:Fam_12.7'1,
:AdBrut_4'2;(2.4)
Oros_6.18'6.
|
|---|
| 29
| GAL Plancus and Lepidus found a Roman colony at Lugdunum.
* Read Dio's account
@
CIL_10.6087;
Sen:Ep_91'14;
Tac:Hist_1'65;
+DioCass_46.50'1-6;*
{ OCD_lug.}
|
|---|
| 30
| MAC Brutus defeats and captures C.Antonius near Apollonia.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Cic:Phil_10'6,
'9-13,
11'26,
:AdBrut_3'4;(2.3)
[Liv]:Per_118;
Vell_2.69'3;
Plut:Brut_25'3-26'8;*
+Appian:BCiv_3'79,
4'75;
DioCass_47.21'7-22'1;
{ OCD_a.}
|
|---|
| 31
| SPA {16 March} Document: Cic:Fam_10.31, a letter from Pollio to Cicero, sent from Corduba.
|
|---|
| 32
| ROM {20 March} Document: Cic:Phil_13, a speech of Cicero in reply to an open letter from Antonius.
@
Cic:Fam_10.6'1;
{ CAH_9'482.}
|
|---|
| 33
| {20 March} Document: Cic:Fam_10.6 & 10.27, letters from Cicero to Plancus and Lepidus.
|
|---|
| 34
| ETR {20 March} The poet P.Ovidius Naso is born at Sulmo.
* Read Ovid's account
@
Ovid:Ib_1,
#:Tr_4.10'3-4,*
'95-96;
Hieron:Chron_1975;
{ OCD_o.}
|
|---|
| 35
| CIS Hirtius and Octavianus approach Mutina, but do not come into conflict with Antonius.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Phil_14'4-5;
[Cic]:AdOct_7;L
Plin:HN_10'110;L
Frontin:Str_3.13'7-8,
14'3-4;
Flor_2.15'3-4;
+Appian:BCiv_3'64-65;
+DioCass_46.35'2-36'5.*
|
|---|
| 36
| ETR Ventidius gathers an army of veterans to come in support of Antonius.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Fam_10.33'4,
34'1,
11.10'3,
13'3;
+Appian:BCiv_3'66;*
Gell_15.4'3;
{ OCD_v.}
|
|---|
| 37
| ROM Document: Cic:Fam_12.6-7 & 12.11, letters of Cicero to and from Cassius.
|
|---|
| 38
| Document: Cic:Fam_10.7-8 & 10.10, letters of Cicero to and from Plancus.
|
|---|
| 39
| {March} Document: Cic:Fam_12.25 & 12.28, two letters from Cicero to Cornificius.
|
|---|
| 40
| << Document: [Caes]:BAlex_ & [Caes]:BAfr_, the accounts of Caesar's wars in Alexandria and Africa.
@
Suet:Caes_56'1;
{ The Alexandrian War may have been written by Hirtius; the African War is almost certainly by a different writer.}
|
|---|
| 41
| CIS L.Antonius captures and sacks the city of Parma.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Phil_14'8-9,*
:Fam_10.33'4,
11.13b'1.
|
|---|
| 42
| {14 April} The battle of Forum Gallorum: M.Antonius defeats Pansa, but is then defeated by Hirtius.
* Read Cicero's account
@
#Cic:Fam_10.30'1-5,*
33'3-4,
:AdBrut_9'1-2,(1.3)
:Phil_14'26-28,
'36-38;
#EhrJon:Fast_Apr14;
#Ovid:Fast_4'627-628;
[Liv]:Per_119;
Frontin:Str_2.5'39;
Suet:Aug_10'3-4;
+Appian:BCiv_3'66-70;(↓)
+DioCass_46.37'1-38'2;
Oros_6.18'4;
{ CAH_9'483; OCD_p.}
|
|---|
| 43
| {16 April} Octavianus is hailed as imperator for the first time; reckoned by some as the beginning of his reign.
* Read Ovid's account
@
[Cic]:AdOct_4;
#EhrJon:Fast_Apr16;
#Ovid:Fast_4'673-676;*
Theophil:Aut_3'27<q"
Chryseros>;
ClemAl:Strom_1'21;
Euseb:HistEc_1.5'2;
[Euseb]:Chron_71,
129;(↓)
[Vict]:Epit_1'30;
+Hieron:Chron_1974;
Oros_1.1'6;
ChronPasc_465'C.
|
|---|
| 44
| ROM Document: Cic:AdBrut_1-5, (2.1) letters of Cicero to and from M.Brutus.
|
|---|
| 45
| {20 April} Document: Cic:Phil_14, a speech of Cicero, proposing a supplication to mark the victory over Antonius.
|
|---|
| 46
| Atticus helps Fulvia, the wife of Antonius, during the fighting around Mutina.
@
Nepos:Att_9'1-7.
|
|---|
| 47
| CIS Octavianus practices declamation during the fighting around Mutina.
@
Suet:Aug_84'1,
:Rhet_1.
|
|---|
| 48
| {21 April} In a battle near Mutina, Hirtius defeats Antonius again but is killed during the fighting.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Fam_10.33'4,
11.14'3,
:AdBrut_10'1,(1.3a)
18'2,(1.10)
23'8;(1.15)
Vell_2.61'4;
+Plut:Cic_45'4;
Tac:Ann_1'10;
Suet:Aug_10'3-11'1;
Flor_2.15'4-5;
+Appian:BCiv_3'71;*
Oros_6.18'5;
{ CAH_9'483; OCD_h.}
|
|---|
| 49
| The consul Pansa dies of wounds received in the battle of Forum Gallorum.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Fam_10.33'4,
11.13'2,
:AdBrut_10'1,(1.3a)
14'3;(1.6)
[Liv]:Per_119;
Vell_2.61'4;
Plut:Ant_17'2;
Tac:Ann_1'10;
Suet:Aug_11'1;
+Appian:BCiv_3'75-76;*
+DioCass_46.39'1;
+Obseq_69;
Oros_6.18'4.
|
|---|
| 50
| Antonius retreats from Mutina.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Fam_10.11'2,
14'1,
33'4,
11.10'3-4,
11'1,
12'1-2,
13'2-3,
:AdBrut_18'2;(1.10)
Vell_2.61'4;
+Appian:BCiv_3'72-73;*
[Vict]:VirIll_85'2;
Eutrop_7.2'1;
{ OCD_a.}
|
|---|
| 51
| ROM The senate awards great honours to D.Brutus, following the victory at Mutina, and lesser honours to Octavianus.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Fam_11.14'1,
20'1,
:AdBrut_12'2-3,(1.4a)
23'7-9,(1.15)
25'2;(1.17)
[Liv]:Per_119;
Vell_2.62'1-6;
Plut:Brut_27'2;
Suet:Aug_12'1;
Appian:Ill_13,(↓)
+:BCiv_3'4;
+DioCass_46.39'2-41'5.*
|
|---|
| 52
| Hirtius and Pansa are given public funerals.
@
Cic:AdBrut_23'8;(1.15)
ValMax_5.2'10.
|
|---|
| 53
| The senate recognises Sextus Pompeius as commander of the naval forces.
* Read Velleius' account
@
Vell_2.73'1-2;*
Appian:BCiv_4'84;
DioCass_46.40'3;
{ CAH_9'484; DPRR.}
|
|---|
| 54
| {April} Document: Cic:Fam_10.9 & 10.11-12, letters of Cicero to and from Plancus.
|
|---|
| 55
| Document: Cic:Fam_11.9 & 11.13b, letters from Decimus Brutus to Cicero.
|
|---|
| 56
| Document: Cic:Fam_12.26-27 & 12.29, letters from Cicero to Cornificius.
|
|---|
| 57
| {April} Document: Cic:AdBrut_8-10, (1.2a) letters from Cicero to M.Brutus.
|
|---|
| 58
| PAL Cassius exacts money from the Jews.
* Read Josephus' account
@
Joseph:BJ_1'220-222,
:AJ_14'272-276,*
'304,
'304,
'304;
Hieron:Chron_1973.
|
|---|
| 59
| SYR {7 May} Document: Cic:Fam_12.12, a letter from Cassius to Cicero.
|
|---|
| 60
| ROM Document: Cic:Fam_11.10-13, letters of Cicero to and from Decimus Brutus.
|
|---|
| 61
| Document: Cic:AdBrut_11-13, (1.4) letters of Cicero to and from M.Brutus.
|
|---|
| 62
| CIS Antonius continues to march towards Lepidus, and reaches Forum Julii.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Cic:Fam_10.15'3,
17'1,
33'4,
34'1;
Plut:Ant_17'3-6;*
Frontin:Str_1.7'5;
Macrob:Sat_2.2'7.L
|
|---|
| 63
| LYC Lentulus Spinther forces the fleet of Dolabella to retreat from Lycia.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Fam_12.13'3,
14'1-2,
15'2-6.*
|
|---|
| 64
| PAL Malichus murders Antipater.
* Read Josephus' account
@
Joseph:BJ_1'223-228,
:AJ_14'277-284,*
15'47;
Euseb:HistEc_1.7'12;
{ OCD_a.}
|
|---|
| 65
| CIS Octavianus enters into communication with Antonius and Lepidus.
@
Appian:BCiv_3'80-82.
|
|---|
| 66
| ROM Document: Cic:EpFr_4'1-6'5, letters between Cicero and Octavianus.
|
|---|
| 67
| Document: Cic:Fam_11.11.18-20 & 11.23, letters between Cicero and Decimus Brutus.
|
|---|
| 68
| {29 May} Document: Cic:Fam_12.14-15, letters from Lentulus Spinther to Cicero and the Roman senate.
|
|---|
| 69
| CIS {29 May} Antonius arrives at the camp of Lepidus, and they combine their forces.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Fam_10.23'2-3,
#35'1-2,
12.10'3,
:AdBrut_20'1;(1.12)
[Liv]:Per_119;
Vell_2.63'1-3,
64'4;
Plut:Ant_18'1-8;
Suet:Aug_12'1;
Flor_2.16'1;
+Appian:BCiv_3'83-84;*
+DioCass_46.38'5-7,
51'1-52'4;
Eutrop_7.2'1;
{ CAH_9'484; OCD_l.}
|
|---|
| 70
| ROM Document: Cic:Fam_10.13-21a, letters of Cicero to and from Plancus.
|
|---|
