Additional Latin Inscriptions: 7

A PRE-JULIAN CALENDAR FROM ANTIUM

Latin text: ILLRP_9
Date: early 1st century B.C.
Format: see key to translations
Translated by: E.H.Warmington

This inscription, sometimes called "Fasti Antiates Maiores", is a rare example of a Roman calendar from before the introduction of the Julian calendar. Unlike a modern calendar, it does not number the days of the month, but it does have 8-day "weeks" (nundina), which are labelled from A to H. At the end of each month, it records the total number of days in the month. There are some standard abbreviations that occur throughout the calendar:

C(omitialis) : "Business in Assembly"
En(dotercisus): "Mid-split Day": fastus in the middle hours, and nefastus in the early morning and the evening
F(astus) : "Business in Court"
N(efastus) : "No Business"
N(efas) P(iaculum?) : "No Business; Public Holiday"

The months of April and August were translated by E.H.Warmington, who also provided some notes on selected days in the other months. A few of his learned notes are included here, in green.

January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December

[JANUARY]

A Kalends of January. Business in Court. To Aesculapius, Coronis, Vediovis.
B Business in Court.
C (?) Business in Assembly.
D (?) Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ] E Nones. Business in Court. To Vica Pota {Victory}
F (?) Business in Court.
G (?) Business in Assembly.
H (?) Business in Assembly.
A Festival: of Agonius . . .
[ 10th ] B (?) Mid-split Day.
C Festival: of Carmenta {Goddess of Childbirth}. No Business; Public Holiday.
To Juturna.
D Business in Assembly.
E Ides.
F Mid-split Day.
[ 15th ] G Festival: of Carmenta {Goddess of Childbirth}. No Business; Public Holiday.
To Carmenta.
H Business in Assembly.
A Business in Assembly.
B Business in Assembly.
C Business in Assembly.
[ 20th ] D Business in Assembly.
E (?) Business in Assembly.
F (?) Business in Assembly.
G (?) Business in Assembly.
H Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ] A Business in Assembly.
B Business in Assembly.
C Business in Assembly.
D (?) Business in Assembly.
E Business in Assembly.
29 days in January

	A	Kalends of January. Business in Court. To Aesculapius, Coronis, Vediovis.
	B	Business in Court.
	C	(?) Business in Assembly.
	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ]	E	Nones. Business in Court. To Vica Pota {Victory}
	F	(?) Business in Court.
	G	(?) Business in Assembly.
	H	(?) Business in Assembly.
	A	Festival: of Agonius . . .
[ 10th ]	B	(?) Mid-split Day.
	C	Festival: of Carmenta {Goddess of Childbirth}. No Business; Public Holiday. To Juturna.
	D	Business in Assembly.
	E	Ides.
	F	Mid-split Day.
[ 15th ]	G	Festival: of Carmenta {Goddess of Childbirth}. No Business; Public Holiday. To Carmenta.
	H	Business in Assembly.
	A	Business in Assembly.
	B	Business in Assembly.
	C	Business in Assembly.
[ 20th ]	D	Business in Assembly.
	E	(?) Business in Assembly.
	F	(?) Business in Assembly.
	G	(?) Business in Assembly.
	H	Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ]	A	Business in Assembly.
	B	Business in Assembly.
	C	Business in Assembly.
	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
	E	Business in Assembly.
		29 days in January

[FEBRUARY]

F Kalends of February. No Business. To Juno Sospita Mater Regina {Juno Saviour, Mother, Queen}
G No Business.
H No Business.
A No Business.
[ 5th ] B Nones . . . To Concordia on the Capitol.
[Her temple was begun in 216 B.C.]
C No Business.
D No Business.
E No Business.
F No Business.
[ 10th ] G No Business.
H No Business.
A No Business.
B Ides. Festival: of Faunus.
C No Business.
[ 15th ] D Festival: Lupercalia.
E Mid-split Day.
F Festival: of Quirinus. No Business; Public Holiday.
To Quirinus.
G Business in Assembly.
H Business in Assembly.
[ 20th ] A (?) Business in Assembly.
B Festival: Feralia. Business in Court.
C Business in Assembly.
D Festival: Terminalia. No Business; Public Holiday.
E [ Regifugium {Flight of the king}. No Business. ]
[ 25th ] F (?) Business in Assembly.
G (?) Mid-split Day.
H Festival: Equirria. No Business; Public Holiday.
A Business in Assembly.
28 days in February

	F	Kalends of February. No Business. To Juno Sospita Mater Regina {Juno Saviour, Mother, Queen}
	G	No Business.
	H	No Business.
	A	No Business.
[ 5th ]	B	Nones . . . To Concordia on the Capitol. [Her temple was begun in 216 B.C.]
	C	No Business.
	D	No Business.
	E	No Business.
	F	No Business.
[ 10th ]	G	No Business.
	H	No Business.
	A	No Business.
	B	Ides. Festival: of Faunus.
	C	No Business.
[ 15th ]	D	Festival: Lupercalia.
	E	Mid-split Day.
	F	Festival: of Quirinus. No Business; Public Holiday. To Quirinus.
	G	Business in Assembly.
	H	Business in Assembly.
[ 20th ]	A	(?) Business in Assembly.
	B	Festival: Feralia. Business in Court.
	C	Business in Assembly.
	D	Festival: Terminalia. No Business; Public Holiday.
	E	[ Regifugium {Flight of the king}. No Business. ]
[ 25th ]	F	(?) Business in Assembly.
	G	(?) Mid-split Day.
	H	Festival: Equirria. No Business; Public Holiday.
	A	Business in Assembly.
		28 days in February

[MARCH]

B Kalends of March. No Business; Public Holiday.
To Juno.
C Business in Court.
D Business in Assembly.
E Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ] F (?) Business in Assembly.
G . . .
H Nones. Business in Court. To Vediovis on the Capitol.
[In 200 B.C. the praetor L.Furius Purpureo vowed a temple to Vediovis; it was built on Tiber island and dedicated on Jan 1st, 194 B.C. (see the entry for Jan. 1st). When consul in 196, Furius vowed another temple, which was built between the Capitol and the Arx Capitolina, and dedicated in 192. This second is meant here.]
A (?) Business in Court.
B Business in Assembly.
[ 10th ] C Business in Assembly.
D (?) Business in Assembly.
E Business in Assembly.
F (?) Mid-split Day.
G Festival: Equirria.
[ 15th ] H Ides. To Anna Perenna.
A Business in Court.
B Festival: Liberalia.
C (?) Business in Assembly.
D Festival: Quinquatrus {Fifth Day}. No Business; Public Holiday.
To Minerva.
[ 20th ] E (?) Business in Assembly.
F (?) Business in Assembly.
G (?) No Business.
H Tubilustrium {Review of Trumpets}. No Business; Public Holiday.
A When the King has finished in the comitium. Business in Court.
[The king (of sacrifices) performed these duties before and at meetings of the comitia curiata in the comitium in the Forum for the sacred purpose of giving sanction to wills.]
[ 25th ] B (?)Business in Assembly.
C (?) Business in Assembly.
D (?) Business in Court.
E (?) Business in Assembly.
F Business in Assembly.
[ 30th ] G Business in Assembly.
H Business in Assembly.
31 days in March

[APRIL]

A Kalends of April. Business in Court.
B Business in Court.
C Business in Assembly.
D Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ] E Nones. No Business. To Fortuna Publica {Fortune of the State}
F No Business.
G No Business.
H (?) No Business.
A (?) No Business.
[ 10th ] B No Business.
C No Business. To the Mighty Idaean Mother of the Gods.
[The temple of the Phrygian Magna Mater or Cybele was dedicated on the Palatine in 192 B.C., 12 year after her fetish-stone was brought from Pessinus.]
D No Business.
E Ides. No Business; Public Holiday. To Jupiter Victor; To Jupiter Liberty.
[The temple of Jupiter Victor was 'vowed' in 295 B.C. Jupiter Libertas had a temple on the Aventine, but the year of dedication is unknown.]
F No Business.
[ 15th ] G Festival: Fordicidia {Sacrifice of Cows in calf}. No Business; Public Holiday.
H No Business.
A No Business.
B No Business.
C Festival: of Ceres. No Business; Public Holiday.
To Ceres, Liber and Libera.
[Liber was a son, and Libera a daughter, of Ceres. A temple was, according to tradition, dedicated to all three in 493 B.C.]
[ 20th ] D No Business.
E Festival: Parilia. No Business; Public Holiday.
Foundation of Rome.
[The Parilia was a festival (probably to Pales, goddess of flocks) on the first day of the shepherds' spring, with purification of fields. 21st April was the traditional day of Rome's foundation.]
F No Business.
G Festival: of Vintage. Business in Court.
To Venus of Eryx.
[The cult of Aphrodite of Eryx in Sicily was brought thence by soldiers of the First Punic War (264-241 B.C.) and Aphrodite was identified with Venus. Her temple was dedicated outside the Colline Gate in 181 B.C.]
H Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ] A Festival: of Robigus {God of Mildew}. No Business; Public Holiday.
B Business in Assembly.
C (?) Business in Assembly.
D Business in Assembly.
E Business in Assembly.
29 days in April

	A	Kalends of April. Business in Court.
	B	Business in Court.
	C	Business in Assembly.
	D	Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ]	E	Nones. No Business. To Fortuna Publica {Fortune of the State}
	F	No Business.
	G	No Business.
	H	(?) No Business.
	A	(?) No Business.
[ 10th ]	B	No Business.
	C	No Business. To the Mighty Idaean Mother of the Gods. [The temple of the Phrygian Magna Mater or Cybele was dedicated on the Palatine in 192 B.C., 12 year after her fetish-stone was brought from Pessinus.]
	D	No Business.
	E	Ides. No Business; Public Holiday. To Jupiter Victor; To Jupiter Liberty. [The temple of Jupiter Victor was 'vowed' in 295 B.C. Jupiter Libertas had a temple on the Aventine, but the year of dedication is unknown.]
	F	No Business.
[ 15th ]	G	Festival: Fordicidia {Sacrifice of Cows in calf}. No Business; Public Holiday.
	H	No Business.
	A	No Business.
	B	No Business.
	C	Festival: of Ceres. No Business; Public Holiday. To Ceres, Liber and Libera. [Liber was a son, and Libera a daughter, of Ceres. A temple was, according to tradition, dedicated to all three in 493 B.C.]
[ 20th ]	D	No Business.
	E	Festival: Parilia. No Business; Public Holiday. Foundation of Rome. [The Parilia was a festival (probably to Pales, goddess of flocks) on the first day of the shepherds' spring, with purification of fields. 21st April was the traditional day of Rome's foundation.]
	F	No Business.
	G	Festival: of Vintage. Business in Court. To Venus of Eryx. [The cult of Aphrodite of Eryx in Sicily was brought thence by soldiers of the First Punic War (264-241 B.C.) and Aphrodite was identified with Venus. Her temple was dedicated outside the Colline Gate in 181 B.C.]
	H	Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ]	A	Festival: of Robigus {God of Mildew}. No Business; Public Holiday.
	B	Business in Assembly.
	C	(?) Business in Assembly.
	D	Business in Assembly.
	E	Business in Assembly.
		29 days in April

[MAY]

F Kalends of May. Business in Court.
G (?) Business in Court.
H (?) Business in Assembly.
A (?) Business in Assembly.
[ 5th } B Business in Assembly.
C Business in Assembly.
D Nones. No Business.
E Business in Court.
F Festival: Lemuria. No Business.
To Mania {Goddess of the Dead}
. . .
. . .
A Business in Assembly.
B Festival: Lemuria. No Business.
C (?) Business in Assembly.
[ 15th ] D Ides. No Business; Public Holiday.
To Mercurius, Maia ... unconquered.
E Business in Court.
F Business in Assembly.
G (?) Business in Assembly.
H Business in Assembly.
[ 20th ] A Business in Assembly.
B Festival: of Agonius. No Business; Public Holiday.
C (?) No Business.
D Tubilustrium {Review of Trumpets}. No Business; Public Holiday.
E When the King has finished in the comitium. Business in Court.
To the Fortune of the Roman Commonwealth of Quirites
[ 25th ] F (?) Business in Assembly.
G (?) Business in Assembly.
H (?) Business in Assembly.
A Business in Assembly.
B (?) Business in Assembly.
[ 30th ] C (?) Business in Assembly.
D (?) Business in Assembly.
31 days in May

	F	Kalends of May. Business in Court.
	G	(?) Business in Court.
	H	(?) Business in Assembly.
	A	(?) Business in Assembly.
[ 5th }	B	Business in Assembly.
	C	Business in Assembly.
	D	Nones. No Business.
	E	Business in Court.
	F	Festival: Lemuria. No Business. To Mania {Goddess of the Dead}
		. . .
		. . .
	A	Business in Assembly.
	B	Festival: Lemuria. No Business.
	C	(?) Business in Assembly.
[ 15th ]	D	Ides. No Business; Public Holiday. To Mercurius, Maia ... unconquered.
	E	Business in Court.
	F	Business in Assembly.
	G	(?) Business in Assembly.
	H	Business in Assembly.
[ 20th ]	A	Business in Assembly.
	B	Festival: of Agonius. No Business; Public Holiday.
	C	(?) No Business.
	D	Tubilustrium {Review of Trumpets}. No Business; Public Holiday.
	E	When the King has finished in the comitium. Business in Court. To the Fortune of the Roman Commonwealth of Quirites
[ 25th ]	F	(?) Business in Assembly.
	G	(?) Business in Assembly.
	H	(?) Business in Assembly.
	A	Business in Assembly.
	B	(?) Business in Assembly.
[ 30th ]	C	(?) Business in Assembly.
	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
		31 days in May

[JUNE]

E Kalends of June. No Business.
To Mars on the Slope; to Juno on the Citadel.
[There was a temple of Mars on the rising ground beyond the first milestone on the Appian Way, probably the one vowed in 388 B.C. On the arx was a very old altar or shrine of Juno, which is doubtless the one alluded to here; but the temple of Juno Moneta was finally dedicated in 344 B.C., probably on Oct. 10th, as mentioned in this calendar under that day; although sometimes the 1st June was given as Juno Moneta's birthday.]
F Business in Court.
G (?) Business in Assembly.
H Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ] A Nones. (?) No Business.
To Dius Fidius.
B No Business.
C (?) No Business.
D (?) No Business.
E Festival: Vestalia. (?) No Business.
To Vesta.
[ 10th ] F (?) No Business.
G Festival: Matralia. No Business; Public Holiday.
To Mater Matuta and Fortune.
H (?) No Business.
A Ides. No Business; Public Holiday.
B No Business.
[ 15th ] C When the refuse has been carried off. (?) Business in Court.
[When, at the end of Vesta's festival beginning on 7th June, her temple has been cleaned and all sweepings have been carried away.]
D Business in Assembly.
E (?) Business in Assembly.
F Business in Assembly.
G Business in Assembly. To Minerva.
[ 20th ] H (?) Business in Assembly.
A (?) Business in Assembly.
B (?) Business in Assembly.
C (?) Business in Assembly.
D (?) Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ] E (?) Business in Assembly.
F (?) Business in Assembly.
G Business in Assembly. To the Lares . . .
H Business in Assembly.
A (?) Business in Assembly.
29 days in June

	E	Kalends of June. No Business. To Mars on the Slope; to Juno on the Citadel. [There was a temple of Mars on the rising ground beyond the first milestone on the Appian Way, probably the one vowed in 388 B.C. On the arx was a very old altar or shrine of Juno, which is doubtless the one alluded to here; but the temple of Juno Moneta was finally dedicated in 344 B.C., probably on Oct. 10th, as mentioned in this calendar under that day; although sometimes the 1st June was given as Juno Moneta's birthday.]
	F	Business in Court.
	G	(?) Business in Assembly.
	H	Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ]	A	Nones. (?) No Business. To Dius Fidius.
	B	No Business.
	C	(?) No Business.
	D	(?) No Business.
	E	Festival: Vestalia. (?) No Business. To Vesta.
[ 10th ]	F	(?) No Business.
	G	Festival: Matralia. No Business; Public Holiday. To Mater Matuta and Fortune.
	H	(?) No Business.
	A	Ides. No Business; Public Holiday.
	B	No Business.
[ 15th ]	C	When the refuse has been carried off. (?) Business in Court. [When, at the end of Vesta's festival beginning on 7th June, her temple has been cleaned and all sweepings have been carried away.]
	D	Business in Assembly.
	E	(?) Business in Assembly.
	F	Business in Assembly.
	G	Business in Assembly. To Minerva.
[ 20th ]	H	(?) Business in Assembly.
	A	(?) Business in Assembly.
	B	(?) Business in Assembly.
	C	(?) Business in Assembly.
	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ]	E	(?) Business in Assembly.
	F	(?) Business in Assembly.
	G	Business in Assembly. To the Lares . . .
	H	Business in Assembly.
	A	(?) Business in Assembly.
		29 days in June

[QUINTILIS]

B Kalends of Quintilis. No Business.
. . . To Juno [ and Felicitas {Goddess of Good Luck} ]
C (?) No Business.
D (?) No Business.
E . . .
[ 5th ] F [ Poplifugia {Flight of the people}. No Business; Public Holiday. ]
G (?) No Business.
H Nones. No Business.
To the two Pales.
[Two temples of Pales, doubtless close together, are mentioned here only.]
A No Business.
B No Business.
[ 10th ] C (?) Business in Assembly.
D Business in Assembly.
E Business in Assembly.
F Ludi Apollinares {Games of Apollo}. Business in Assembly.
[The Ludi Apollinares were instituted in 212 B.C. Originally lasting only one day, they were in the end spread back over 8 days from July 6th to the 13th.]
G (?) Business in Assembly.
[ 15th ] H Ides. No Business; Public Holiday.
A Business in Court.
B Business in Assembly. To Honour.
C (?) Business in Assembly. Day of Allia.
[This was in memory of the defeat of the Romans by the Gauls at the river Allia in 390 B.C.]
D Festival: Lucaria. No Business; Public Holiday.
[ 20th ] E Business in Assembly.
F Festival: Lucaria. No Business; Public Holiday.
G (?) Business in Assembly. To Concordia.
H Festival: of Neptunus. No Business; Public Holiday.
A No Business.
[ 25th ] B Festival: of Furrina. No Business; Public Holiday.
C Business in Assembly.
D Business in Assembly.
E (?) Business in Assembly.
F (?) Business in Assembly.
[ 30th ] G Business in Assembly.
H Business in Assembly.
31 days in Quintilis

	B	Kalends of Quintilis. No Business. . . . To Juno [ and Felicitas {Goddess of Good Luck} ]
	C	(?) No Business.
	D	(?) No Business.
	E	. . .
[ 5th ]	F	[ Poplifugia {Flight of the people}. No Business; Public Holiday. ]
	G	(?) No Business.
	H	Nones. No Business. To the two Pales. [Two temples of Pales, doubtless close together, are mentioned here only.]
	A	No Business.
	B	No Business.
[ 10th ]	C	(?) Business in Assembly.
	D	Business in Assembly.
	E	Business in Assembly.
	F	Ludi Apollinares {Games of Apollo}. Business in Assembly. [The Ludi Apollinares were instituted in 212 B.C. Originally lasting only one day, they were in the end spread back over 8 days from July 6th to the 13th.]
	G	(?) Business in Assembly.
[ 15th ]	H	Ides. No Business; Public Holiday.
	A	Business in Court.
	B	Business in Assembly. To Honour.
	C	(?) Business in Assembly. Day of Allia. [This was in memory of the defeat of the Romans by the Gauls at the river Allia in 390 B.C.]
	D	Festival: Lucaria. No Business; Public Holiday.
[ 20th ]	E	Business in Assembly.
	F	Festival: Lucaria. No Business; Public Holiday.
	G	(?) Business in Assembly. To Concordia.
	H	Festival: of Neptunus. No Business; Public Holiday.
	A	No Business.
[ 25th ]	B	Festival: of Furrina. No Business; Public Holiday.
	C	Business in Assembly.
	D	Business in Assembly.
	E	(?) Business in Assembly.
	F	(?) Business in Assembly.
[ 30th ]	G	Business in Assembly.
	H	Business in Assembly.
		31 days in Quintilis

[SEXTILIS]

A Kalends of Sextilis. To Spes {"Hope"}; To the two Victories.
[This temple of Hope was dedicated in 257 B.C. One temple of Victory was dedicated in 294 B.C., the other (to Victoria Virgo) in 193 near the first.]
B Business in Court.
C (?) Business in Assembly.
D (?) Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ] E Nones. (?) No Business; Public Holiday. To Salus {Safety}
[The temple to Salus was dedicated in 302 B.C.]
F Business in Court.
G Business in Assembly.
H Business in Assembly.
A (?) Business in Court.
[ 10th ] B (?) Business in Assembly.
C Business in Assembly.
D Business in Assembly.
E Ides. No Business; Public Holiday.
To Diana, Vortumnus, Fortuna Equestris {Fortune Horse-Rider}, Hercules Victor, Castor, Pollux, Camenae.
[There was on the Aventine a very old temple of Diana and one dedicated by M. Fulvius Flaccus in 264 B.C. to Vortumnus; one to Fortuna Equestris was vowed by Q. Fulvius Flaccus in 180 in a successful battle with the Celtiberi where his cavalry played an important part. Of Hercules Victor there was a temple near the Circus Maximus and another near the Porta Trigemina; the latter is the one alluded to here. The Camenae were prophetic nymphs of the country and were identified by the Romans with the Greek Muses. They had a small shrine at the foot of the Aventine.]
F Business in Court.
[ 15th ] G Business in Assembly.
H Business in Assembly.
A Festival: of Portunus {God of our Harbour}. (?) No Business; Public Holiday.
B (?) Business in Assembly.
C Festival: Vinalia. Business in Court in the morning.
To Venus.
[The Vinalia Rustica was most probably marked by an offering of unripe grapes in hope of a good ripe crop after a month had gone by. The temple of Venus here meant was dedicated in 295 B.C. near the Circus Maximus.]
[ 20th ] D (?) Business in Assembly.
E Festival: of Consus {God of Sowing}. No Business; Public Holiday.
F Mid-split Day.
G Festival: of Vulcanus. No Business; Public Holiday.
To Vulcanus, Hora, Quirinus, Maia above the comitium.
[Vulcanus had a temple of unknown date before 215 B.C. in the Circus Flaminius. After Romulus had become the god Quirinus, his bereaved wife Hersilia according to one story was allowed to become the goddess Hora. Maia was closely connected with Vulcanus.]
H Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ] A Festival: of Ops Consiva {Goddess of Good Sowing}. (?) No Business; Public Holiday.
B (?) Business in Assembly.
C Festival: of Volturnus. No Business; Public Holiday.
D (?) Business in Assembly.
E (?) Business in Assembly.
29 days in Sextilis

	A	Kalends of Sextilis. To Spes {"Hope"}; To the two Victories. [This temple of Hope was dedicated in 257 B.C. One temple of Victory was dedicated in 294 B.C., the other (to Victoria Virgo) in 193 near the first.]
	B	Business in Court.
	C	(?) Business in Assembly.
	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ]	E	Nones. (?) No Business; Public Holiday. To Salus {Safety} [The temple to Salus was dedicated in 302 B.C.]
	F	Business in Court.
	G	Business in Assembly.
	H	Business in Assembly.
	A	(?) Business in Court.
[ 10th ]	B	(?) Business in Assembly.
	C	Business in Assembly.
	D	Business in Assembly.
	E	Ides. No Business; Public Holiday. To Diana, Vortumnus, Fortuna Equestris {Fortune Horse-Rider}, Hercules Victor, Castor, Pollux, Camenae. [There was on the Aventine a very old temple of Diana and one dedicated by M. Fulvius Flaccus in 264 B.C. to Vortumnus; one to Fortuna Equestris was vowed by Q. Fulvius Flaccus in 180 in a successful battle with the Celtiberi where his cavalry played an important part. Of Hercules Victor there was a temple near the Circus Maximus and another near the Porta Trigemina; the latter is the one alluded to here. The Camenae were prophetic nymphs of the country and were identified by the Romans with the Greek Muses. They had a small shrine at the foot of the Aventine.]
	F	Business in Court.
[ 15th ]	G	Business in Assembly.
	H	Business in Assembly.
	A	Festival: of Portunus {God of our Harbour}. (?) No Business; Public Holiday.
	B	(?) Business in Assembly.
	C	Festival: Vinalia. Business in Court in the morning. To Venus. [The Vinalia Rustica was most probably marked by an offering of unripe grapes in hope of a good ripe crop after a month had gone by. The temple of Venus here meant was dedicated in 295 B.C. near the Circus Maximus.]
[ 20th ]	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
	E	Festival: of Consus {God of Sowing}. No Business; Public Holiday.
	F	Mid-split Day.
	G	Festival: of Vulcanus. No Business; Public Holiday. To Vulcanus, Hora, Quirinus, Maia above the comitium. [Vulcanus had a temple of unknown date before 215 B.C. in the Circus Flaminius. After Romulus had become the god Quirinus, his bereaved wife Hersilia according to one story was allowed to become the goddess Hora. Maia was closely connected with Vulcanus.]
	H	Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ]	A	Festival: of Ops Consiva {Goddess of Good Sowing}. (?) No Business; Public Holiday.
	B	(?) Business in Assembly.
	C	Festival: of Volturnus. No Business; Public Holiday.
	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
	E	(?) Business in Assembly.
		29 days in Sextilis

[SEPTEMBER]

F Kalends of September. Business in Court.
G Business in Court.
H Business in Assembly.
A Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ] B Nones. Business in Court.
To Jupiter Stator.
C Business in Court.
D (?) Business in Assembly.
E { Ludi } magni {Great games}. Business in Assembly.
F { Ludi } magni {Great games}. Business in Assembly.
[ 10th ] G { Ludi } magni {Great games}. Business in Assembly.
H (?) Business in Assembly.
A No Business.
B Ides. No Business; Public Holiday.
To Jupiter Optimus Maximus.
C Business in Court.
[ 15th ] D (?) No Business.
E (?) Business in Assembly.
F (?) Business in Assembly.
G (?) Business in Assembly.
H (?) Business in Assembly.
[ 20th ] A (?) Business in Assembly.
B (?) Business in Assembly.
C (?) Business in Assembly.
D (?) Business in Assembly.
E Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ] F Business in Assembly.
G (?) Business in Assembly.
H (?) Business in Assembly.
A (?) Business in Assembly.
B (?) Business in Assembly.
29 days in September

	F	Kalends of September. Business in Court.
	G	Business in Court.
	H	Business in Assembly.
	A	Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ]	B	Nones. Business in Court. To Jupiter Stator.
	C	Business in Court.
	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
	E	{ Ludi } magni {Great games}. Business in Assembly.
	F	{ Ludi } magni {Great games}. Business in Assembly.
[ 10th ]	G	{ Ludi } magni {Great games}. Business in Assembly.
	H	(?) Business in Assembly.
	A	No Business.
	B	Ides. No Business; Public Holiday. To Jupiter Optimus Maximus.
	C	Business in Court.
[ 15th ]	D	(?) No Business.
	E	(?) Business in Assembly.
	F	(?) Business in Assembly.
	G	(?) Business in Assembly.
	H	(?) Business in Assembly.
[ 20th ]	A	(?) Business in Assembly.
	B	(?) Business in Assembly.
	C	(?) Business in Assembly.
	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
	E	Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ]	F	Business in Assembly.
	G	(?) Business in Assembly.
	H	(?) Business in Assembly.
	A	(?) Business in Assembly.
	B	(?) Business in Assembly.
		29 days in September

[OCTOBER]

C Kalends of October. No Business.
To Fides {Faith}.
D Business in Court.
E Business in Assembly.
F (?) Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ] G (?) Business in Assembly.
H Business in Assembly.
A Nones. Business in Court.
To Jupiter Fulgur {God of lightning}. To Juno Quiritis.
B (?) Business in Court.
C (?) Business in Assembly.
[ 10th ] D Business in Assembly. To Juno Moneta.
E Festival: Meditrinalia. No Business; Public Holiday.
F Business in Assembly.
G Festival: of Fons. No Business; Public Holiday.
H Mid-split Day.
[ 15th ] A Ides. (?) No Business; Public Holiday.
B Mid-split Day.
C (?) Business in Assembly.
D (?) Business in Assembly.
E [ Festival: Armilustrium {Purification of weapons}. ]No Business; Public Holiday.
[ 20th ] F (?) Business in Assembly.
G (?) Business in Assembly.
H Business in Assembly.
A Business in Assembly.
B Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ] C Business in Assembly.
D (?) Business in Assembly.
E (?) Business in Assembly.
F (?) Business in Assembly.
G Business in Assembly.
[ 30th ] H (?) Business in Assembly.
A Business in Assembly.
31 days in October

	C	Kalends of October. No Business. To Fides {Faith}.
	D	Business in Court.
	E	Business in Assembly.
	F	(?) Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ]	G	(?) Business in Assembly.
	H	Business in Assembly.
	A	Nones. Business in Court. To Jupiter Fulgur {God of lightning}. To Juno Quiritis.
	B	(?) Business in Court.
	C	(?) Business in Assembly.
[ 10th ]	D	Business in Assembly. To Juno Moneta.
	E	Festival: Meditrinalia. No Business; Public Holiday.
	F	Business in Assembly.
	G	Festival: of Fons. No Business; Public Holiday.
	H	Mid-split Day.
[ 15th ]	A	Ides. (?) No Business; Public Holiday.
	B	Mid-split Day.
	C	(?) Business in Assembly.
	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
	E	[ Festival: Armilustrium {Purification of weapons}. ]No Business; Public Holiday.
[ 20th ]	F	(?) Business in Assembly.
	G	(?) Business in Assembly.
	H	Business in Assembly.
	A	Business in Assembly.
	B	Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ]	C	Business in Assembly.
	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
	E	(?) Business in Assembly.
	F	(?) Business in Assembly.
	G	Business in Assembly.
[ 30th ]	H	(?) Business in Assembly.
	A	Business in Assembly.
		31 days in October

[NOVEMBER]

B Kalends of November. Business in Court.
C (?) Business in Court.
D (?) Business in Assembly.
E Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ] F Nones. (?) Business in Court.
G (?) Business in Court.
H (?) Business in Assembly.
A (?) Business in Assembly.
B Business in Assembly.
[ 10th ] C (?) Business in Assembly.
D (?) Business in Assembly.
E (?) Business in Assembly.
F Ides. No Business; Public Holiday.
To Feronia, Fortuna Primigenia and Pietas.
[Feronia, famed in Latium and central Italy, was less so in Rome, but had a shrine in the Campus Martius; the temple of Fortuna Primigenia was one of the 3 on the Quirinal, perhaps the one dedicated in 194 B.C. Pietas is uncertain here, but a temple was dedicated to her in 181 B.C.]
G (?) Business in Court.
[ 15th ] H (?) Business in Assembly.
A (?) Business in Assembly.
B Business in Assembly.
C Business in Assembly.
D (?) Business in Assembly.
[ 20th ] E (?) Business in Assembly.
F Business in Assembly.
G Business in Assembly.
H Business in Assembly.
A Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ] B Business in Assembly.
C Business in Assembly.
D (?) Business in Assembly.
E Business in Assembly.
F Business in Assembly.
29 days in November

	B	Kalends of November. Business in Court.
	C	(?) Business in Court.
	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
	E	Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ]	F	Nones. (?) Business in Court.
	G	(?) Business in Court.
	H	(?) Business in Assembly.
	A	(?) Business in Assembly.
	B	Business in Assembly.
[ 10th ]	C	(?) Business in Assembly.
	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
	E	(?) Business in Assembly.
	F	Ides. No Business; Public Holiday. To Feronia, Fortuna Primigenia and Pietas. [Feronia, famed in Latium and central Italy, was less so in Rome, but had a shrine in the Campus Martius; the temple of Fortuna Primigenia was one of the 3 on the Quirinal, perhaps the one dedicated in 194 B.C. Pietas is uncertain here, but a temple was dedicated to her in 181 B.C.]
	G	(?) Business in Court.
[ 15th ]	H	(?) Business in Assembly.
	A	(?) Business in Assembly.
	B	Business in Assembly.
	C	Business in Assembly.
	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
[ 20th ]	E	(?) Business in Assembly.
	F	Business in Assembly.
	G	Business in Assembly.
	H	Business in Assembly.
	A	Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ]	B	Business in Assembly.
	C	Business in Assembly.
	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
	E	Business in Assembly.
	F	Business in Assembly.
		29 days in November

[DECEMBER]

G Kalends of December. (?) No Business.
H (?) No Business.
A (?) No Business.
B (?) Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ] C Nones. Business in Court.
D (?) Business in Court.
E (?) Business in Assembly.
F Business in Assembly. To Tiberinus and Gaia.
[The temple to the river-god Tiberinus, of unknown date, was on Tiber island. Here we have the only mention, in any calendar, of Gaia Taracia, who in one story takes the place of Tanaquil, wife of Tarquinius Priscus.]
G Business in Assembly.
[ 10th ] H Business in Assembly.
A [ Festival: of Agonius. ] No Business; Public Holiday.
B (?) Mid-split Day.
C Ides. No Business; Public Holiday.
To Tellus {Earth}.
D Business in Court.
[ 15th ] E Festival: of Consus {God of grain}. Mid-split Day.
F Business in Assembly.
G Festival: Saturnalia. Mid-split Day.
To Saturnus.
H Business in Assembly.
A Festival: Opalia. No Business.
To Ops {Goddess of Plenty}.
[ 20th ] B (?) Business in Assembly.
C Festival: Divalia. No Business; Public Holiday.
To the Lares Permarini {Household Gods of the Sea}.
[Their temple was vowed by L. Aemilius Regillus in 190 B.C. after a naval victory over Antiochus III, and dedicated in the Campus Martius in 179 B.C.]
D Business in Assembly.
E Festival: Larentalia. No Business; Public Holiday.
To Diana and Juno the Queen in the Campus. To the Tempestates {Storms}.
[The festival was in honour of Acca Larentia (who was, according to one story, wife of Faustulus, and nurse of Romulus and Remus), with sacrifices for fertility of fields. The temples to Diana and Juno here mentioned were vowed by Aemilius Lepidus in 187 and dedicated in 179. A temple to the Tempestates was vowed by L.Scipio son of Barbatus during a storm on his return from Sardinia in 259 B.C. The temple was built by the Appian Way outside the Porta Capena.]
F (?) Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ] G Business in Assembly.
H Business in Assembly.
A (?) Business in Assembly.
B Business in Assembly.
C Business in Assembly.
29 days in December

	G	Kalends of December. (?) No Business.
	H	(?) No Business.
	A	(?) No Business.
	B	(?) Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ]	C	Nones. Business in Court.
	D	(?) Business in Court.
	E	(?) Business in Assembly.
	F	Business in Assembly. To Tiberinus and Gaia. [The temple to the river-god Tiberinus, of unknown date, was on Tiber island. Here we have the only mention, in any calendar, of Gaia Taracia, who in one story takes the place of Tanaquil, wife of Tarquinius Priscus.]
	G	Business in Assembly.
[ 10th ]	H	Business in Assembly.
	A	[ Festival: of Agonius. ] No Business; Public Holiday.
	B	(?) Mid-split Day.
	C	Ides. No Business; Public Holiday. To Tellus {Earth}.
	D	Business in Court.
[ 15th ]	E	Festival: of Consus {God of grain}. Mid-split Day.
	F	Business in Assembly.
	G	Festival: Saturnalia. Mid-split Day. To Saturnus.
	H	Business in Assembly.
	A	Festival: Opalia. No Business. To Ops {Goddess of Plenty}.
[ 20th ]	B	(?) Business in Assembly.
	C	Festival: Divalia. No Business; Public Holiday. To the Lares Permarini {Household Gods of the Sea}. [Their temple was vowed by L. Aemilius Regillus in 190 B.C. after a naval victory over Antiochus III, and dedicated in the Campus Martius in 179 B.C.]
	D	Business in Assembly.
	E	Festival: Larentalia. No Business; Public Holiday. To Diana and Juno the Queen in the Campus. To the Tempestates {Storms}. [The festival was in honour of Acca Larentia (who was, according to one story, wife of Faustulus, and nurse of Romulus and Remus), with sacrifices for fertility of fields. The temples to Diana and Juno here mentioned were vowed by Aemilius Lepidus in 187 and dedicated in 179. A temple to the Tempestates was vowed by L.Scipio son of Barbatus during a storm on his return from Sardinia in 259 B.C. The temple was built by the Appian Way outside the Porta Capena.]
	F	(?) Business in Assembly.
[ 25th ]	G	Business in Assembly.
	H	Business in Assembly.
	A	(?) Business in Assembly.
	B	Business in Assembly.
	C	Business in Assembly.
		29 days in December

{The inscription ends with a thirteenth month - the intercalary month - but very little of it has survived. There were 27 days in this month.}

Attalus' home page | 25.02.16 | Any comments?

	B	Kalends of March. No Business; Public Holiday. To Juno.
	C	Business in Court.
	D	Business in Assembly.
	E	Business in Assembly.
[ 5th ]	F	(?) Business in Assembly.
	G	. . .
	H	Nones. Business in Court. To Vediovis on the Capitol. [In 200 B.C. the praetor L.Furius Purpureo vowed a temple to Vediovis; it was built on Tiber island and dedicated on Jan 1st, 194 B.C. (see the entry for Jan. 1st). When consul in 196, Furius vowed another temple, which was built between the Capitol and the Arx Capitolina, and dedicated in 192. This second is meant here.]
	A	(?) Business in Court.
	B	Business in Assembly.
[ 10th ]	C	Business in Assembly.
	D	(?) Business in Assembly.
	E	Business in Assembly.
	F	(?) Mid-split Day.
	G	Festival: Equirria.
[ 15th ]	H	Ides. To Anna Perenna.
	A	Business in Court.
	B	Festival: Liberalia.
	C	(?) Business in Assembly.
	D	Festival: Quinquatrus {Fifth Day}. No Business; Public Holiday. To Minerva.
[ 20th ]	E	(?) Business in Assembly.
	F	(?) Business in Assembly.
	G	(?) No Business.
	H	Tubilustrium {Review of Trumpets}. No Business; Public Holiday.
	A	When the King has finished in the comitium. Business in Court. [The king (of sacrifices) performed these duties before and at meetings of the comitia curiata in the comitium in the Forum for the sacred purpose of giving sanction to wills.]
[ 25th ]	B	(?)Business in Assembly.
	C	(?) Business in Assembly.
	D	(?) Business in Court.
	E	(?) Business in Assembly.
	F	Business in Assembly.
[ 30th ]	G	Business in Assembly.
	H	Business in Assembly.
		31 days in March