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215 B.C. Olympiad 141.2


Consuls: Ti. Sempronius Ti.f. Gracchus, L. Postumius A.f. Albinus (III)
Athenian archon: Hagnias
Achaean General: Aratus (XV?)

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    Click on the links in the lists of references to go to the sources for each event

1 ITA Casilinum surrenders to the Carthaginians.
* Read Livy's account
+Liv_23.19'1-20'3; Strab_5'249;(4.10)  ValMax_7.6'2-3; Plin:HN_8'222, 17'7;L  Frontin:Str_3.14'2, 15'3, 4.3'20; Silius_12'426-428; Polyaen_6.38'6; Zonar_9'2.(p159) 
2 ROM M.Fabius Buteo is appointed dictator, to draw up a new list of senators.
* Read Livy's account
+Liv_23.22'1-23'9; +FastCap_p60; ValMax_7.6'1; Plut:Fab_9'3-4; { OCD_f.}
3 {5 February -R} The dedication of a temple of Concordia.
* Read Livy's account
CIL_add.7'Feb5, 8'Feb5; +Liv_22.33'7-8, 23.21'7.
4 The previous dictator, M.Junius, holds elections for new consuls.
* Read Livy's account
+Liv_23.24'1-5; +Plut:Marc_12'1-2; ~Zonar_9'3.(p163) 
5 ITA Hannibal captures Petelia.
* Read Livy's account
~Polyb_7.1'3; +Liv_23.30'1-5; ValMax_6.6e'2; Petron:Sat_141;(↓)  Frontin:Str_4.3'18; Silius_12'429-433; Appian:Hann_29'
6 SIC Gelon, son of Hieron II, dies while organizing opposition to Rome in Sicily.
+Liv_23.30'10-12.
7 ROM {15 March -R} Gracchus enters office as sole consul, while Marcellus is sent to Cales, where new Roman recruits are assembled.
+Liv_23.30'18-31'6; { CAH_8'526.}
8 Following the death of L.Postumius, Marcellus is elected to be consul, but is forced to resign after a bad omen; Q.Fabius is elected in his place.
* Read Livy's account
+Liv_23.31'7-15, 27.22'1; +FastCap_p60; +Zonar_9'3;(p163)  { CAH_8'70; OCD_m.}
9 The Romans and Carthaginians prepare for the next year's fighting.
* Read Livy's account
+Liv_23.32'1-20; ~Eutrop_3.11'2; +Zonar_9'3.(p163-5) 
9a EGY {1 Phamenoth -E = April} Document: AET_6.11, a letter from a perfume trader.
10 ROM {8 June -R} T. Otacilius Crassus dedicates a temple to Mens, the personification of Mind.
* Read Livy's account
Liv_22.9'10, +23.32'20; #Ovid:Fast_6'241-248; { OCD_m.}
11 SPA The Carthaginians order Hasdrubal to lead his army into Italy.
* Read Livy's account
+Liv_23.27'9-28'6; +Zonar_9'3;(p165)  { CAH_8'57.}
12 SIC ?? Archimedes runs from his bath exclaiming "I've found it" after working out how to measure the gold in a crown given to Hieron.
* Read Vitruvius' account
Vitr_9.pr'9-12; Plut:Mor_1094'C.
13 ?? Archimedes constructs war engines for Hieron.
* Read Plutarch's account
Polyb_8.7'2; Liv_24.34'13; Plut:Marc_14'8-15.
14 ?? Hieron builds a huge ship, which he gives as a present to Ptolemy.
Athen_5.206'd-209'e<q" Moschion>.
16 ?? Polydorus writes a new set of laws for Syracuse.
Diod_13.35'3.
17 ?? Hieron passes laws for the financial administration of Sicily, known to the Romans as the leges Hieronicae.
* Read Cicero's account
Cic:Verr_2.2'34, 3'14-15, '18-19, '120-123, '150, 5'53.
18 ?? Hieron remains steadfast in his alliance with the Romans and regularly sends aid to them.
* Read Polybius' account
Polyb_7.5'7; Liv_25.24'13, 29'7, 26.30'1.
19 ++ General comments on the long and prosperous reign of Hieron.
* Read Polybius' account
Athen_6.250'e, 12.542'a<q" Silenus>; Polyb_7.8'1-9; Silius_14'79-84; Paus_6.15'6.
20 The death of Hieron II, king of Syracuse.
* Read Livy's account
Polyb_3.2'7, ~7.3'6, 7'3; Diod_26.15'1; ~Liv_24.4'1-5'6, 25.31'4; ValMax_8.13e'1; Plin:HN_8'143; Silius_14'85-90; Paus_6.12'4; Lucian:Macr_10; { CAH_8'61; OCD_h=216.}
21 GRE ?? Document: Austin_74B  (Syll_497), an Athenian decree in honour of Eurycleides. { Errington_p108.}
22 MAC An alliance is agreed between Hannibal and Philippus of Macedonia.
* Read Polybius' account
Polyb_7.9'1-17; Nepos_23.2'1; +Liv_23.33'1-34'9; Silius_15'289-290; Flor_1.23'4; Appian:Mac_1; Just_29.4'2-3; +Eutrop_3.12'2; +Zonar_9'4;(p167)  { CAH_8'96-98; OCD_p.}
23 SAR The Carthaginians foment a revolt in Sardinia.
* Read Livy's account
+Liv_23.34'10-17; +Eutrop_3.12'3.
24 ITA << A Roman prisoner of Hannibal is sent to fight alone against an elephant, and kills it.
Plin:HN_8'118.
25 Gracchus defeats the Campanians at Hamae.
+Liv_23.35'1-19.
26 Hannibal fails to capture Cumae, after Gracchus comes to its defence.
* Read Livy's account
+Liv_23.36'1-37'9; Silius_12'1-160; { CAH_8'53; OCD_g.}
27 Ti.Sempronius Longus defeats a Carthaginian force under Hanno near Grumentum.
+Liv_23.37'10-13.
28 SPA The Romans defeat Hasdrubal at Ibera.
* Read Livy's account
+Liv_23.28'7-29'17, 26.41'13; ~Eutrop_3.11'2; +Oros_4.16'13; +Zonar_9'3;(p165)  { CAH_8'57.}
29 SIC An alliance is agreed between Hannibal and Hieronymus, the grandson of Hieron.
* Read Polybius' account
~Polyb_7.2'1-5'8; ~Liv_24.5'7-6'9, 25.29'2, 26.30'2, '7; ValMax_3.3e'5; Silius_14'91-98, 15'422-424; Appian:Sic_3'1;(5)  { CAH_8'61; OCD_syracuse.}
30 ASI Antiochus begins the siege of Sardis, which is held by Achaeus.
~Polyb_7.15'2; { The siege lasted for two years.}
31 ROM The senate debates the alliance between Hannibal and Philippus.
* Read Livy's account
+Liv_23.38'1-39'14; Just_29.4'3; +Eutrop_3.12'3.
32 ITA Fabius advances into Campania.
+Liv_23.39'5-8.
33 SAR T.Manlius defeats the rebels in Sardinia.
* Read Livy's account
+Liv_23.40'1-41'7; Silius_12'342-419; Flor_1.22'35; ~Eutrop_3.13'1-2; +Zonar_9'4;(p167)  { CAH_8'62.}
34 AFR T.Otacilius leads a Roman fleet in a raid against the African coast.
* Read Livy's account
+Liv_23.41'8-12, 24.8'14-16; { CAH_8'66.}
35 ITA A Samnite embassy asks Hannibal to protect them against Roman raids.
+Liv_23.41'13-43'5.
36 ITA Marcellus repels an attack by Hannibal on Nola.
* Read Livy's account
Cic:Brut_12; +Liv_23.45'6-46'7; ValMax_1.6'9; Silius_12'161-305, '420-423; +Plut:Marc_12'3-7; Appian:Hann_30; Ampel_46'6; +Eutrop_3.12'1; +Oros_4.16'12; +Zonar_9'3;(p163)  { CAH_8'53; OCD_m.}
37 A duel between Claudius Asellus and the Campanian champion Taurea.
* Read Livy's account
+Liv_23.46'8-48'3; Frontin:Str_3.4'1; Appian:Hann_37.(↓) 
38 SPA The Romans relieve Iliturgi, after defeating the Carthaginian army there.
+Liv_23.48'4-49'14.
39 ITA The Carthaginians capture Locri and Croton.
* Read Livy's account
+Liv_24.1'1-3'5, 29.6'1; +Eutrop_3.12'1.
40 Hannibal and Gracchus retire to winter quarters.
* Read Livy's account
~Liv_24.3'16-17; Flor_1.22'30-32.
41 ROM The Lex Oppia limits the amount of jewellery and other valuables which can be owned by individuals.
* Read Livy's account
+Liv_34.1'3, 4'6, 5'5, 6'9, '15, 8'3; ValMax_9.1'3; Silius_12'306-319; Tac:Ann_3'33, '34; +Oros_4.20'14; Zonar_9'17;(p295)  { CAH_8'184; OCD_o.}
42 Some Vestal virgins are buried alive.
* Read ChroniconPaschale's account
ChronPasc_432'A; +Hieron:Chron_1802.

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