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69 B.C. Olympiad 177.4


Consuls: Q. Hortensius L.f. Hortalus, Q. Caecilius C.f. Metellus

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    Click on the links in the lists of references to go to the sources for each event

1 ROM The senate rebuffs a Cretan embassy and makes preparations to attack the island.
* Read Dio's account
Diod_40.1'1-3; Appian:Sic_6'3-4;(8)  DioCass_fr.111'1-3b.
2 CAP Lucullus crosses the Euphrates at Tomisa, and invades Armenia.
* Read Plutarch's account
Cic:LegMan_23; Sall:Hist_4'59-61; Strab_12'537;(2.6)  Memn_38'2; Plut:Luc_24'1-7, 46'1; Tac:Ann_15'27; ~Appian:Mith_84; Festus:Brev_14'1, 15'3; ~Oros_6.3'6; { CAH_9'240; OCD³.}
3 ARM Lucullus and Sextilius defeat an Armenian cavalry force, led by Mithrobarzanes.
* Read Plutarch's account
~Plut:Luc_25'1-7; ~Appian:Mith_84'
4 AEG Athenodorus, a pirate chief, devastates Delos, but Triarius restores the island's facilities.
+Phlegon:Fr_12'13;(97)  Arnob_6'23; { CAH_9'331; OCD³.}
5 << Numerous other pirate raids on the islands and coasts of the Aegean Sea.
* Read Plutarch's account
Cic:LegMan_33; Plut:Pomp_24'6-7.
6 ETR << The pirates increase their attacks throughout the Mediterranean, and make raids against Caieta, Ostia, and Misenum on the Italian coast.
* Read Cicero's account
Cic:LegMan_31-33, 53-55; Strab_14'662,(2.28)  16'754;(2.14)  Vell_2.31'2; Plut:Pomp_24'1-25'1; Flor_1.41'6; DioCass_36.20'1-23'2; Oros_6.4'1.
7 ROM The consul Metellus is sent to lead the war against the Cretans.
* Read Dio's account
~[Liv]:Per_98; +Phlegon:Fr_12'12;(97)  Appian:Sic_6'5;(9)  +DioCass_36.1a'1; Eutrop_6.11'1-2; Schol:Bob_96; { CAH_9'249; DPRR.}
8 GRE << Patron succeeds Phaedrus as head of the Epicurean school.
+Phlegon:Fr_12'8.(97) 
9 SYR << 170,000 people are killed in an earthquake in Syria.
~Just_40.2'1; { This happened shortly before Lucullus defeated Tigranes.}
10 ARM Sextilius starts to besiege Mancaeus at Tigranocerta.
* Read Plutarch's account
Sall:Hist_4'62-63;L  Plin:HN_2'235; (?) Memn_38'3; ~Plut:Luc_26'1-2, 27'1-2; ~Appian:Mith_84-85;(↓)  DioCass_36.1b'1-2.
11 {? September -R} Tigranes despises the small size of Lucullus' army, and ignores Mithridates' advice to avoid open battle.
* Read Plutarch's account
Memn_38'4; ~Plut:Luc_26'3-27'4; ~Appian:Mith_85; DioCass_36.1b'2.
12 {6 October -R} Lucullus wins an overwhelming victory over Tigranes.
* Read Plutarch's account
Sall:Hist_4'64-66,L  _4.67'15; Frontin:Str_2.1'14, 2'4; Memn_38'5; #Plut:Luc_26'5-29'2, :Cam_19'11, :Mor_203'A-B; +Phlegon:Fr_12'10;(97)  Appian:Mith_85; ~DioCass_36.1b'3; Festus:Brev_15'3; Eutrop_6.9'1; Oros_6.3'6-7; { CAH_9'249; Green_553.}
13 CRE Metellus defeats Lasthenes and Panares, and besieges Cydonia.
* Read Livy's account
~[Liv]:Per_98; (?) ValMax_7.6e'1; +Phlegon:Fr_12'12;(97)  Appian:Sic_6'5.(9) 
14 ARM Lucullus captures and sacks Tigranocerta.
* Read Plutarch's account
Cic:LegMan_23; Strab_11'532,(14.15)  12'539;(2.9)  Memn_38'6; ~Plut:Luc_29'3-5; ~Appian:Mith_86; +DioCass_36.2'3-4; Festus:Brev_15'3; Eutrop_6.9'1; { CAH_9'241.}
15 Antiochus of Commagene, Alchaudonius, and other princes transfer their support to Lucullus, but Zarbienus of Gordyene is betrayed and killed.
* Read Plutarch's account
Sall:Hist_4'71;L  ~Plut:Luc_29'6-10; DioCass_36.2'5, 47.27'3; ~Oros_6.3'7; { CAH_9'241.}
16 Mithridates persuades Tigranes to keep on fighting against the Romans.
Memn_38'7.
17 Cleopatra Selene is put to death by Tigranes, after being imprisoned at Seleuceia on the Euphrates.
Strab_16'749.(2.3) 
18 ?? L.Murena serves as an officer in Lucullus' army during the war against Mithridates.
* Read Cicero's account
Cic:Mur_19-21, 31, 34, 89; { DPRR.}
19 AFR ?? Cn.Plancius serves with A.Torquatus in Africa.
Cic:Planc_27; { DPRR.}
20 ITA == Sassia prompts another inquest into the death of Oppianicus.
* Read Cicero's account
+Cic:Clu_178-187, 191-193.
21 ROM == Cicero as aedile organises games, but without excessive expense.
* Read Plutarch's account
Cic:Mur_40, :Off_2'59; Plut:Cic_8'1-4; { DPRR.}
22 == Document: Cic:Tul_, Cicero's speech in defence of M.Tullius. { OCD³.}
23 == Document: Cic:Caecin_, Cicero's speech in defence of A.Caecina. { OCD³.}
24 == Document: Cic:Font_, Cicero's speech in defence of M.Fonteius. { OCD³.}
24a SIC == Document: THI_246, the inscription on a statue of C. Vergilius Balbus at Halaesa.
25 ROM == Catulus completes the restoration of the buildings, especially the temple of Jupiter, on the Capitol at Rome.
* Read Livy's account
~[Liv]:Per_98; ValMax_2.4'6, 6.9'5; Plin:HN_19'23,L  33'57, 34'77; Tac:Hist_3'72; +Phlegon:Fr_12'11;(97)  Plut:Publ_15'1; AmmMarc_14.6'25; +Cassiod:Chr_685; { CAH_9'327; OCD³.}
26 == The triumph of M.Piso, on his return from Spain.
* Read Cicero's account
Cic:Pis_62; +Ascon_15;L  { CAH_9'792.}
27 == Caesar makes a public speech at the funeral of his aunt Julia.
* Read Plutarch's account
Plut:Caes_5'2-5; ~Suet:Caes_6'1; { CAH_9'753=68; OCD³; DPRR.}
28 == Q.Cicero marries Pomponia, the sister of Atticus.
Nepos:Att_5'3-4; { OCD³.}
29 == The birth of the poet C.Cornelius Gallus.
~Hieron:Chron_1990; { OCD³.}
30 EGY == The birth of Cleopatra, queen of Egypt.

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