| 1
| ROM {1 January -R} M.Antonius speaks in the senate against the appointment of Dolabella as suffect consul.
* Read Cicero's account
@
#Cic:Phil_2'79-81,*
'83,
'99;
Plut:Ant_11'2.
|
|---|
| 2
| AFR << Caesar plans to found a Roman colony on the site of Carthage.
* Read Appian's account
@
Strab_17'833;(3.15)
Plin:HN_5'25;
Plut:Caes_57'8;
Appian:Pun_136;*
Paus_2.1'2;
+DioCass_43.50'3-5;
{ CAH_9'446; Caesar probably did not do much more than propose the colony before he died.}
|
|---|
| 3
| PEL << Caesar founds a Roman colony on the site of Corinth.
* Read Dio's account
@
Diod_32.27'1,
'3;
Strab_8'379,(6.21)
'381-382,(6.23)
17'833;(3.15)
Mela_2'48;
Plin:HN_4'10;
Plut:Caes_57'8;
Paus_2.1'2,
3'1,
'7,
5.1'2;
+DioCass_43.50'3-5;*
Julian:Ep_28.409'D;
{ OCD_c.}
|
|---|
| 4
| NAR << Other colonies founded by Caesar, at Forum Julii, Heracleia Pontica, Ilium, Novum Comum, Sinope and in Sicily.
* Read Strabo's account
@
Strab_5'213,(1.6)
6'272,(2.4)
12'542,* (3.6)
'546,(3.11)
13'593,(1.26)
'594-595;(1.27)
Plin:HN_3'35;
Mela_2'77.
|
|---|
| 5
| BAE Document: ARS_114 & CIL_add.2, 'Lex Ursonensis' - the charter of the colony of Urso in Spain.
{ CAH_9'445; probably compiled before the death of Caesar, but published later by Antonius.}
|
|---|
| 6
| SPA Caesar sends Asinius Pollio to command his forces against Sextus Pompeius in Spain.
@
Appian:BCiv_4'84;
{ OCD_p.}
|
|---|
| 7
| ROM Caesar extends the pomerium of the city of Rome.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Att_13.20'1,
35'1;
Gell_13.14'4;
+DioCass_43.50'1,*
44.49'2.
|
|---|
| 8
| Caesar recalls C.Antonius and other exiles.
* Read Dio's account
@
Strab_10'455;(2.13)
+Appian:BCiv_2'107;(↓)
+DioCass_43.50'1-2.*
|
|---|
| 9
| Caesar restores the statues of Pompeius.
* Read Dio's account
@
Vell_2.61'3;
Plut:Caes_57'6,
:Cic_40'4,
:Mor_91'A,
205'E;
Suet:Caes_75'4;
Polyaen_8.23'3;
+DioCass_43.49'1-2.*
|
|---|
| 10
| The month of Quintilis is rename July, in honour of Caesar.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_16.1'1;
Plut:Num_19'6;
Suet:Caes_76'1;
Flor_2.13'91;
Appian:BCiv_2'106;* (↓)
+DioCass_44.5'2,
45.7'2;
Censor:DN_22'16;
Hieron:Chron_1973;
Macrob:Sat_1.12'34.L
|
|---|
| 11
| The senate grants further extravagant honours to Caesar.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Phil_2'110;
NicDam_130'67;
Plut:Caes_57'2-4;
Suet:Caes_76'1;
Flor_2.13'91;
Appian:BCiv_2'106;(↓)
+DioCass_44.3'1-7'3.*
|
|---|
| 12
| Caesar fails to stand for a delegation from the senate.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
[Liv]:Per_116;
NicDam_130'78-79;
Plut:Caes_60'4-8;*
Appian:BCiv_2'107;
Suet:Caes_78'1;
+DioCass_44.8'1-4;
Eutrop_6.25'1.
|
|---|
| 13
| {26 January} Some of the crowd acclaim Caesar as king during a procession from the Alban Mount, but he rejects the title.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
#FastTr_p108;
Plut:Caes_60'1-3;*
Suet:Caes_79'2;
+DioCass_44.9'1,
10'1;
{ CAH_9'463.}
|
|---|
| 14
| Caesar deposes the tribunes Marullus and Flavus, after they remove a diadem from his statue on the rostra.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Phil_13'31;
[Liv]:Per_116;
NicDam_130'69-70;
Vell_2.68'4-5;
ValMax_5.7'2;
Plut:Brut_9'8,
12'4,
:Caes_61'8-10;
Suet:Caes_79'1,
80'3;
+Appian:BCiv_2'108,
4'93;
+DioCass_44.9'2-10'4;*
{ CAH_9'464.}
|
|---|
| 15
| {January} Document: Cic:Fam_7.30 & 13.50, letters from Cicero to Curius and Acilius.
|
|---|
| 16
| Caesar rejects suggestions that he should have a bodyguard.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
NicDam_130'80;
Vell_2.57'1;
Plut:Caes_57'7-8;*
Suet:Caes_86'1;
+Appian:BCiv_2'109;
+DioCass_44.7'4.
|
|---|
| 17
| {9 February} Caesar and the senate pass a decree confirming their friendly relations with the Jews.
* Read Josephus' account
@
Joseph:AJ_14'211-212,*
#'222.
|
|---|
| 18
| Caesar is appointed dictator for life (dictator perpetuus).
* Read Dio's account
@
[Liv]:Per_116;
Joseph:AJ_14'211;
Plut:Caes_57'1;
Suet:Caes_76'1;
Flor_2.13'91;
Appian:BCiv_2'106;
Gell_19.8'3;
+DioCass_44.8'4,*
46.17'5;
[Vict]:VirIll_78'10;L
Zonar_7'13;(p109)
{ CAH_9'463; OCD_c.}
|
|---|
| 19
| {15 February} Antonius offers a diadem to Caesar at the festival of Lupercalia, but the crowd voice strong disapproval.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Phil_2'84-87,*
3'12,
5'38,
13'17;
[Liv]:Per_116;
NicDam_130'71-75;
Vell_2.56'4;
Plut:Caes_61'1-7,
:Ant_12'1-4;
Suet:Caes_79'2;
+Appian:BCiv_2'109;
DioCass_44.11'1-3,
45.30'1-32'4,
34'1-2,
46.5'1-3,
17'1-8,
19'1-8;
+Cassiod:Chr_710;
{ CAH_9'464; OCD_l.}
|
|---|
| 20
| Caesar allows Marullus and Flavus to return from exile, at the request of the praetor Cinna.
@
NicDam_130'76.
|
|---|
| 21
| Caesar appoints the magistrates for the next two years.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Phil_13'24;
NicDam_130'77;
Plut:Caes_58'1;
+DioCass_43.51'3-9;*
Eutrop_6.25'1.
|
|---|
| 22
| Caesar appoints Octavianus to become magister equitum, when Lepidus leaves Rome.
* Read Dio's account
@
FastCap_p78;
Plin:HN_7'147;
+Appian:BCiv_3'9;
+DioCass_43.51'7;*
{ CAH_9'466; OCD_c.}
|
|---|
| 23
| C.Cassius persuades M.Brutus to join him in a conspiracy against Caesar.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Cic:Phil_2'26;
Sen:Ben_2.20'1-3;
Plut:Brut_7'6-10'7,*
29'7,
54'3,
56'11,
57'3-6,
:Caes_62'1-10,
:Mor_206'E;
Suet:Caes_80'1-3;
Flor_2.13'92-93;
+Appian:BCiv_2'111-113;
+DioCass_44.11'4-13'1,
14'2,
45.41'1-2.
|
|---|
| 24
| Brutus and Cassius bring together many other conspirators.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Phil_2'27;
Vell_2.56'3;
NicDam_130'59-66,
'80-81;
Sen:Ep_83'12;
Plut:Cic_42'1;
:Brut_11'1-12'7,
:Ant_13'1-2;
Suet:Caes_80'4,
:Gal_3'2;
+Appian:BCiv_2'113-114;* (↓)
+DioCass_44.14'3-15'4;
Eutrop_6.25'1;
August:DeCiv_3'30.(↓)
|
|---|
| 25
| {February} Document: Cic:Fam_7.31, a letter from Cicero to Curius.
|
|---|
| 26
| Antonius blocks Dolabella's election as consul.
* Read Cicero's account
@
~Cic:Phil_2'82-84;*
FastCap_p78;
{ OCD_d.}
|
|---|
| 27
| Porcia stabs herself to prove her loyalty to her husband Brutus.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
ValMax_3.2'15;
Plut:Brut_13'1-11;*
Polyaen_8.32'1;
+DioCass_44.13'1-14'1.
|
|---|
| 28
| GRE << The end of a period of 14 successive leaders of the Epicurean school of philosophy at Athens.
@
~Suda_E'2404;
{ According to N.W.De Witt, Epicurus and his Philosophy pp.331-2, the school continued in a diminished form until at least the 2nd century A.D.}
|
|---|
| 28a
| ASI {4 March} Document: SEG_39.1290, a decree of Caesar confirming the inviolability of a temple in Sardis.
|
|---|
| 28b
| EGY {8 Phamenoth -E = 9 March} Document: OGIS_184, an obeisance to Isis performed by the strategus Ptolemaeus.
|
|---|
| 29
| ROM Rumours about Caesar's future plans, including a long expedition to the east.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Cic:Div_2'110,
:Phil_5'7;
NicDam_130'68;
Strab_7'298;(3.5)
Plut:Caes_58'4-10;*
Suet:Caes_44'3,
79'3;
+Appian:BCiv_2'110;
+DioCass_43.51'1-2.
|
|---|
| 30
| Omens foretell the death of Caesar.
* Read Suetonius' account
@
Cic:Div_1'119,
2'36-37;
Ovid:Met_15'761-798;
Liv_fr'47;L
Vell_2.57'2-3;
Plin:HN_2'98;
Plut:Caes_63'1-4;
Suet:Caes_81'1-3;*
+DioCass_44.17'1-3;
Obseq_67;
Hieron:Chron_1973.
|
|---|
| 31
| ?? Stratagems employed by Caesar during his wars.
* Read Suetonius' account
@
Suet:Caes_65'1-67'2;*
Polyaen_8.23'17-22.
|
|---|
| 32
| ?? Various sayings of Caesar, including a comment on the dictatorship of Sulla.
* Read Polyaenus' account
@
Quint_6.3'38,
'91;
Frontin:Str_4.7'1;
Suet:Caes_77'1,
78'2;
Polyaen_8.23'32-33;*
[Vict]:Epit_1'14.L
|
|---|
| 33
| ++ L. Caecilius, Cratippus, Pompeius Trogus, Q.Sextius and Theopompus are associates of Caesar.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Strab_14'656;(2.15)
Sen:Ep_98'13;
Plut:Cic_24'5-6;*
Just_43.5'12;
Macrob:Sat_2.6'5.L
|
|---|
| 34
| ++ General comments on the brilliant and ambitious character of Caesar.
* Read Suetonius' account
@
Cic:Off_1'26,
3'82-85,
:Fam_11.28'2,
:Phil_2'116-117;
Ovid:Met_15'746-759;
Sen:Ep_94'65,
:Ben_5.16'5,
:Dial_5.30'4;
Plin:HN_7'91-94,
28'21;L
Plut:Brut_55'2,
:Caes_3'2-3,
15'1-17'11;
Suet:Caes_45'1-75'5;*
Appian:BCiv_2'149-154,
4'91-92;
Julian:Caes_321'B-C,
331'C-332'B.
|
|---|
| 35
| {14 March} While dining at the house of Lepidus, Caesar remarks that the best kind of death is a sudden one.
* Read Suetonius' account
@
Plut:Caes_63'7,
:Mor_206'F;
#Suet:Caes_87'1;*
+Appian:BCiv_2'115.
|
|---|
| 36
| {15 March} Julius Caesar is murdered in the senate-house by Brutus, Cassius and the other conspirators.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_14.10'1,
:Div_2'23,
:Phil_2'28-29,
'88-89,
13'22,
:AdBrut_23'4;(1.15)
[Liv]:Per_116;
Ovid:Met_15'799-851,
:Fast_3'697-707;
NicDam_130'66,
'82-97;
Vell_2.58'1-2,
87'3;
ValMax_1.6'13,
7'2,
4.5'6,
8.11'2;
Sen:Dial_5.30'4-5;
Plut:Brut_14'1-18'8,
:Caes_63'5-6,
63'8-67'6,
:Ant_13'2-14'1;
Joseph:BJ_1'218;
Suet:Caes_81'4-82'4;
Flor_2.13'94-95,
17'1-2;
+Appian:BCiv_2'115-120,*
'149,
'153,
3'34,
4'8;(↓)
+DioCass_44.16'1-21'4,
22'2,
46.22'3-4,
47.49'4;
[Vict]:VirIll_78'10,L
83'6;L
Hieron:Chron_1973;
Oros_6.17'1-2;
{ CAH_9'468.}
|
|---|
| 37
| {16 March} M.Brutus makes a speech in defence of the conspirators, who send envoys to negotiate with Antonius and Lepidus.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_15.1a'2;
NicDam_130'49,
'98-105;
Plut:Brut_18'9-14,
:Caes_67'4-7,
:Ant_14'1;
+Appian:BCiv_2'121-125,*
3'2,(↓)
'7,
'54;
+DioCass_44.21'3-22'2;
{ CAH_9'469.}
|
|---|
| 38
| {17 March} The senate votes for an amnesty, and Brutus and Cassius make a show of reconciliation with Antonius and Lepidus.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_14.10'1,
14'2;
:Phil_1'1-2,
'31-32,
2'89-90;
[Liv]:Per_116;
NicDam_130'50,
'106;
Vell_2.58'2-4;
Plut:Cic_42'2,
:Brut_19'1-3,
:Caes_67'8-9,
:Ant_14'2-4;
Suet:Tib_4'1;
Flor_2.17'3-4;
+Appian:BCiv_2'126-142,*
3'15,
'34-35,
4'94;
+DioCass_44.22'3-34'7;
{ For a perceptive account of the rest of this year, see Syme_p97-162.}
|
|---|
| 39
| {18 March} The senate authorises the publication of the full details of Caesar's will.
* Read Appian's account
@
Vell_2.59'1;
Plut:Brut_19'4-5;
Suet:Caes_83'1-2;
+Appian:BCiv_2'136,*
'143;
+DioCass_44.35'1-3.
|
|---|
| 40
| {20 March} Caesar's funeral is followed by violent disturbances in the city of Rome.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_14.10'1,
:Phil_2'90-91;
[Liv]:Per_116;
Vell_2.59'1;
ValMax_9.9'1;
Quint_6.1'31;
Plut:Cic_42'4,
:Brut_20'1-11,
:Caes_68'1-6;
:Ant_14'3-4;
Suet:Caes_84'1-85'1;
+Appian:BCiv_2'142-148,*
3'15,(↓)
'19,
'35;
+DioCass_44.35'1-50'4,
45.23'4;
Oros_6.17'3;
{ CAH_9'470.}
|
|---|
| 41
| ETR {20 March} The birth of Lucius, the elder brother of the poet Ovidius.
@
#Ovid:Tr_4.10'9-14;
{ exactly a year before the birth of Ovid (OCD_o).}
|
|---|
| 42
| ROM C.Casca makes a public statement, denying that he took part in Caesar's murder.
@
+DioCass_44.52'1-3.
|
|---|
| 43
| {? 22 March} Document: Cic:Fam_11.1, a letter from D.Brutus to M.Brutus and Cassius.
|
|---|
| 44
| ILL Octavianus decides to return from Apollonia to Italy.
* Read Nicolaus' account
@
NicDam_130'38-48;*
Vell_2.59'5;
Plut:Brut_22'1-3;
+Appian:BCiv_3'9-10;
+DioCass_45.3'1;
{ OCD_augustus.}
|
|---|
| 45
| ITA Octavianus arrives at Brundisium, and takes on the name of Caesar.
* Read Nicolaus' account
@
[Liv]:Per_117;
NicDam_130'51-57;*
Vell_2.60'1-2;
Plut:Brut_22'3;
Suet:Aug_7'2;
+Appian:BCiv_3'11;
+DioCass_45.3'2-4'3;
Obseq_68;
[Vict]:Epit_1'2;L
Oros_6.18'1.
|
|---|
| 46
| ROM Antonius implements, and allegedly falsifies, written proposals left by Caesar.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_14.12'1,
13'6,
16.16b'8-9,
:Fam_12.1'1,
:Phil_1'16-26,*
2'35,
'93-97,
'100,
3'30,
5'11-12;
Vell_2.60'4;
Plut:Ant_15'1-3;
Suet:Aug_35'1;
+Appian:BCiv_3'5;
+DioCass_44.53'1-5,
45.23'5-24'1,
47'3-4,
46.23'1-4;
{ CAH_9'473.}
|
|---|
| 47
| Antonius seizes all of Caesar's money from the temple of Ops.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_14.14'5,*
18'1,
:Phil_2'35,
'93,
3'30;
[Cic]:AdOct_3.L
|
|---|
| 48
| {? March} Document: Cic:Fam_6.16, a letter from Pompeius Bithynicus to Cicero.
|
|---|
| 49
| Brutus and Cassius leave the city of Rome, but stay in Latium.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Cic:Phil_1'6;
Plut:Brut_21'1-2,*
:Caes_68'7;
Suet:Aug_10'1;
{ CAH_9'470.}
|
|---|
| 50
| The provinces are redistributed: Syria is assigned to Dolabella, Macedonia to Antonius, Crete to Brutus, and Cyrenaica to Cassius.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_14.4'4,
9'3,
15.5'2,
:Phil_2'31;
+Appian:BCiv_3'7-8,*
'16,
'36,
'55,
4'57;(↓)
{ CAH_9'471.}
|
|---|
| 51
| ETR Octavianus travels across Italy to Tarracina in Latium.
@
Appian:BCiv_3'12.
|
|---|
| 52
| ROM Antonius passes a law to ban the creation of dictators.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Phil_1'3-4,*
'32,
2'91,
'115,
5'10;
[Cic]:AdOct_3;L
{ CAH_9'473.}
|
|---|
| 54
| Lepidus is appointed to be pontifex maximus, in place of Caesar.
* Read Dio's account
@
[Liv]:Per_117;
Vell_2.63'1;
+DioCass_44.53'6-7;*
{ CAH_9'471; OCD_l.}
|
|---|
| 55
| Octavianus arrives in Rome.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_14.5'3;
Vell_2.59'6;
Plut:Cic_43'6,
:Brut_22'3;
Suet:Aug_8'2,
95'1;
Plin:HN_2'98;
+Appian:BCiv_3'13-14;*
+DioCass_45.4'4-5'2;
Obseq_68;
Oros_6.20'5.
|
|---|
| 56
| Octavianus meets Antonius, but fails to gain his support.
* Read Appian's account
@
NicDam_130'107;
Vell_2.60'3;
Plut:Ant_16'1-4,
:Mor_206'F-207'A;
Flor_2.15'1-2;
+Appian:BCiv_3'14-21;*
+DioCass_45.5'3-4.
|
|---|
| 57
| {11 April} The senate formally ratifies its previous decree in favour of the Jews.
@
#Joseph:AJ_14'217-222.
|
|---|
| 58
| Amatius (or Herophilus), the "false Marius", is put to death by Antonius, after setting up an altar to Caesar.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_14.6'1,
8'1,
:Phil_1'5;
[Liv]:Per_116;
NicDam_128'31-35;
ValMax_9.15'1;
+Appian:BCiv_3'2-4,*
'16,
'36,
'57;
+DioCass_44.51'1-3;
{ CAH_9'470.}
|
|---|
| 59
| Document: Cic:Div_, Cicero's treatise "De Divinatione".
@
Cic:Div_2'6;
{ OCD_c.}
|
|---|
| 60
| EGY Cleopatra leaves Rome and returns to Egypt.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_14.8'1,*
20'2,
15.15'2;
{ CAH_9'471; Hölbl_p239.}
|
|---|
| 60a
| Antonius gives control of the island of Cyprus to Cleopatra and Arsinoē.
@
Strab_14'685;(6.6)
DioCass_42.35'5-6;
{ It is uncertain exactly when Cleopatra gained control of Cyprus: see Bennett.}
|
|---|
| 60b
| {22 Pharmouthi -E = April} Document: AET_9.9'A, a horoscope from Athribis.
|
|---|
| 61
| SPA Sex.Pompeius defeats Asinius Pollio.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Att_15.20'3,
22'1,
16.4'1-2;
Vell_2.73'2;
+DioCass_45.10'1-4.*
|
|---|
| 62
| CIS Decimus Brutus takes command of the army in his province of Cisalpine Gaul.
@
Cic:Att_14.13'2.
|
|---|
| 63
| ROM Antonius recalls Sex.Cloelius and other exiles.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_14.13'6,
13a'2,
13b'3,
14'2,
19'2,
:Phil_1'3,
2'9-10,*
'98-99,
3'30.
|
|---|
| 64
| Dolabella pulls down an altar and column, which had been erected in honour of Caesar.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_14.15'1,
16'2,
17a'3,
'8,
19'5,
:Fam_11.2'2,
12.1'1,
:Phil_1'5,*
'30,
'107.
|
|---|
| 65
| Atticus refuses to donate to a fund in support of Brutus and Cassius.
@
Nepos:Att_8'1-4.
|
|---|
| 66
| {April} Document: Cic:Att_14.1-14, letters from Cicero to Atticus.
|
|---|
| 67
| ITA Antonius visits Campania, and allocates land to veterans.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_15.19'2,
:Phil_2'43,
'100-107,*
3'22,
8'25-26,
11'12;
DioCass_45.30'2,
46.8'2;
{ CAH_9'473.}
|
|---|
| 68
| ROM {3 May} Document: Cic:Fam_9.14 & 12.1, letters from Cicero to Dolabella and Cassius.
|
|---|
| 69
| Octavianus raises money and pays 300 sesterces to every Roman citizen, according to the terms of Caesar's will.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Aug:ResGest_15;
Plut:Ant_16'2.*
|
|---|
| 70
| Many lawsuits are brought before the consuls for recovery of property from Octavianus, as the heir of Caesar.
@
Appian:BCiv_3'22.
|
|---|
| 71
| The death of Servilius Isauricus, at the age of 90 years.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Fam_16.23'2;
+DioCass_45.16'1-2;*
Suda_A'3213<q"
Aelian:Fr_110>;
{ OCD_s.}
|
|---|
| 72
| {May} Document: Cic:Fam_11.2, a letter from Brutus and Cassius to Antonius.
|
|---|
| 73
| {May} Document: Cic:Att_14.15-15.8 & Cic:Fam_12.16, letters from Cicero to Atticus and from Trebonius to Cicero.
|
|---|
| 74
| Document: Cic:Fam_6.16 & 16.23, letters from Cicero to Bithynicus and Tiro.
|
|---|
| 75
| {1 June} Antonius summons a meeting of the senate, but then cancels it.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_14.14'4,
'6,
22'2,
:Fam_11.2'3,
#:Phil_1'6,
2'100,
#'108-109.*
|
|---|
| 76
| {2 June} The comitia pass a law, which transfers command of the province of Cisalpine Gaul to Antonius, for a period of 5 years.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Phil_1'19,
2'109,
5'7;
[Liv]:Per_117;
NicDam_130'120-122;
Vell_2.60'5;
+Appian:BCiv_3'27-30;*
+DioCass_45.9'2-3,
22'3,
25'1-2,
46.23'4-5;
{ CAH_9'474.}
|
|---|
| 77
| M.Antonius passes an agrarian law, which appoints seven commissioners, led by his brother Lucius.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_15.19'2,
:Phil_5'7-9,
'20-21,
6'12-15,*
7'16-17,
12'20,
'23,
13'37;
DioCass_45.9'1;
{ CAH_9'474.}
|
|---|
| 78
| The consuls are authorised to make a decision about land at Buthrotum.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_15.12'1,
14'2-3,*
19'1,
16.16a'4-6,
16b'8,
16c'11,
16d'14,
16f'18.
|
|---|
| 79
| ETR {7 June} Cicero meets Brutus and Cassius at Antium, after they are offered an appointment as corn commissioners.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_15.9'1,
10'1,
#11'1-4,*
12'1;
+Appian:BCiv_3'6,
'35,(↓)
4'57;
{ CAH_9'475.}
|
|---|
| 80
| Cicero declines the offer of an appointment to serve on the staff of Dolabella in Syria.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_15.8'1,*
11'4,
20'1;
Plut:Cic_43'2.
|
|---|
| 81
| {June} Document: Cic:Att_15.9-25 & Cic:Fam_7.21-22, letters from Cicero to Atticus and Trebatius.
|
|---|
| 82
| {July} Document: Cic:Fam_11.29, a letter from Cicero to Oppius.
|
|---|
| 83
| {11 July} Cicero decides to travel to Greece.
@
#Cic:Att_16.2'4,
:Phil_1'6-7.
|
|---|
| 84
| ROM {13 July} C.Antonius presides over the Ludi Apollinares, on behalf of M.Brutus.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Cic:Att_15.10'1,
11'2,
26'1,
16.2'3,
4'1,
5'1,
:Phil_1'36,
2'31,
10'7-8;
Plut:Brut_21'3-6;*
+Appian:BCiv_3'23-24;
DioCass_47.20'2;
{ CAH_9'475.}
|
|---|
| 85
| Document: Cic:Att_16.16a-16f, letters from Cicero to Plancus, Capito and Cupiennius about the Buthrotum affair.
|
|---|
| 86
| Brutus and Cassius issue a manifesto, stating that they wish to be excused from further public duties.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_16.7'1,*
:Fam_11.3'3,
:Phil_1'8.
|
|---|
| 87
| Document: Cic:Top_, the "Topica", a rhetorical treatise by Cicero.
@
Cic:Top_1-4,
:Fam_7.19'1;
{ OCD_c.}
|
|---|
| 88
| EGY {27 Epeiph -E = 26 July} Document: SelPap_1.40A (POxy_1629), a contract between Theon and Apollonius Arbichis at Oxyrhynchus.
{ This document is dated to the reign of Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIV.}
|
|---|
| 89
| ROM Octavianus holds the Ludi Victoriae Caesaris, during which a comet appears, and is interpreted as Julius Caesar going up to heaven.
* Read Nicolaus' account
@
Cic:Att_15.2'3,
:Fam_11.27'7,
28'6;
Prop_3.18'33-34;
Ovid:Met_15'848-850;
Aug:Fr_12'7;
NicDam_130'108-114;*
Plin:HN_2'93-94;
Suet:Caes_88'1,
:Aug_10'1;
+DioCass_45.6'4-7'1;
Obseq_68;
{ CAH_9'475.}
|
|---|
| 90
| {July} Document: Cic:Att_15.26-16.6 & Cic:Fam_7.19-20, letters from Cicero to Atticus and Trebatius.
|
|---|
| 91
| MOE ?? Burebistas increases the power of the Dacians, by conquering neighbouring tribes.
* Read Strabo's account
@
Strab_7'303,* (3.11)
'304,(3.12)
'313;(5.2)
Trog:Prol_32;
{ OCD_b.}
| 92
| NUM Sittius is defeated and killed by Arabio.
@
Appian:BCiv_4'54;
{ OCD_s.}
|
|---|
| 93
| SPA Lepidus agrees the terms of a truce with Sex.Pompeius, which is ratified by the senate.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Phil_5'39-41,
13'8-10;
+Appian:BCiv_3'4,*
'36,
'57,
4'84,
'94,
'96;
+DioCass_45.9'4,
10'4<Lepidus>,
48.17'1;
{ OCD_p.}
|
|---|
| 94
| ILL The Illyrians defeat Baebius, an officer of Vatinius.
@
~Appian:Ill_13;
{ MRR_2'220.}
|
|---|
| 95
| SYR Bassus defeats Murcus, the general sent against him by Caesar.
* Read Appian's account
@
Joseph:BJ_1'217,
:AJ_14'270;
Appian:BCiv_3'77,* (↓)
4'58;(↓)
{ MRR_2'220.}
|
|---|
| 96
| ROM {1 August} Piso criticises Antonius at a meeting of the senate.
* Read Cicero's account
@
#Cic:Att_16.7'5,
'7,
:Fam_12.2'1,
#:Phil_1'10,
'14-15,*
5'19;
{ CAH_9'476.}
|
|---|
| 96a
| SIC {1 August} Cicero arrives at Syracuse.
@
#Cic:Phil_1'7.
|
|---|
| 97
| ROM {4 August} Document: Cic:Fam_11.3, a letter from Brutus and Cassius to Antonius.
|
|---|
| 98
| ITA Cicero decides to return home, after being driven back by contrary winds to Leucopetra, near Rhegium.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_16.7'1-2,
:Fam_10.1'1,
11.29'1,
12.25'3,
:Phil_1'7-9;*
Plut:Cic_43'3;
DioCass_46.3'2.
|
|---|
| 99
| {17 August} M.Brutus meets Cicero at Velia.
* Read Cicero's account
@
#Cic:Att_16.7'5,*
:Phil_1'9,
:AdBrut_18'4,(1.10)
23'5.(1.15)
|
|---|
| 100
| {19 August} Document: Cic:Att_16.7, a letter from Cicero to Atticus.
|
|---|
| 101
| GRE Cicero orders his son to stop meeting the rhetorician Gorgias.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Fam_16.21'1-6;*
Plut:Cic_24'6.
|
|---|
| 102
| EGY Cleopatra kills her young brother, Ptolemy XIV.
@
Joseph:AJ_15'89,
:Ap_2'58;
[Euseb]:Chron_167-169;(↓)
{ OCD_p; for the date, see the notes on Ptolemy XIV by Bennett .}
|
|---|
| 103
| ROM {1 September} Antonius summons a meeting of the senate, but Cicero decides not to attend.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Phil_1'11-13,*
#5'19;
Plut:Cic_43'4-5;
{ CAH_9'477.}
|
|---|
| 104
| {2 September} Cicero makes a speech (the "First Philippic") at another meeting of the senate.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Phil_1'1-38,*
2'6-7,
#5'19,
:Fam_12.2'1,
20'1,
25'3-4;
{ OCD_c.}
|
|---|
| 105
| EGY {2 September} Caesarion, the son of Cleopatra, is offically recognised as joint king of Egypt.
@
DioCass_47.31'5;
{ See the notes on Ptolemy XV by Bennett .}
|
|---|
| 106
| ROM Octavianus visits Cicero and wins some support from him.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Plut:Cic_44'1,*
45'1-2,
:Brut_22'4-6,
:Ant_16'3;
+DioCass_45.15'3-4;
[Vict]:VirIll_81'5.L
|
|---|
| 107
| ITA Brutus and Cassius leave Italy, without revealing their real destinations.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Cic:Fam_12.2'3,
:Phil_10'8,
11'28;
Nepos:Att_8'5-6;
NicDam_130'135;
Plut:Brut_23'1-24'1;*
Flor_2.17'4;
+Appian:BCiv_3'24;
{ CAH_9'476: OCD_b.}
|
|---|
| 108
| MAC Antonius is given command of the army in Macedonia, and summons it back to Brundisium.
* Read Appian's account
@
+Appian:BCiv_3'24-25,*
'37;
DioCass_45.20'4,
25'1,
46.24'1-2,
25'1-3.
|
|---|
| 109
| ROM Cicero offends Antonius by speaking in defence of Sicca.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_16.11'1,*
:Phil_2'3.
|
|---|
| 110
| {19 September} At a meeting of the senate, Antonius rebukes Cicero in a strongly worded speech.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Fam_10.2'1,
#12.2'1,
:Phil_2'1,
'3,
'7,
'11,
'17-20,*
'23,
'28,
'31,
'76,
#5'17-20;
{ CAH_9'477.}
|
|---|
| 111
| Antonius prevents Octavianus from standing for election as tribune.
* Read Appian's account
@
Vell_2.60'3;
Plut:Ant_16'5;
+Appian:BCiv_3'31;*
+DioCass_45.6'1-3;
{ CAH_9'472.}
|
|---|
| 112
| The soldiers in Rome bring about a reconciliation between Antonius and Octavianus.
* Read Appian's account
@
NicDam_130'115-119;
Plut:Ant_16'6;
+Appian:BCiv_3'32-39;*
+DioCass_45.7'3-8'2.
|
|---|
| 113
| {? 25 September} Document: Cic:Fam_12.2, a letter from Cicero to Cassius.
|
|---|
| 114
| Octavianus is accused of plotting to murder Antonius.
* Read Nicolaus' account
@
Cic:Att_15.13'6,
16.11'5,
:Fam_12.23'2;
NicDam_130'123-128;*
Plut:Ant_16'7-8;
Suet:Aug_10'3;
+Appian:BCiv_3'39;
+DioCass_45.8'3-4;
{ CAH_9'477.}
|
|---|
| 115
| Document: Cic:Fam_11.2 & 11.6, letters of Cicero to and from D.Brutus.
|
|---|
| 116
| {September} Document: Cic:Fam_10.1-2 & 12.20-22, letters from Cicero to Plancus and Cornificius.
|
|---|
| 117
| {9 October} Antonius leaves Rome to join the legions at Brundisium.
* Read Cicero's account
@
#Cic:Att_15.13'2,
:Fam_12.23'2,*
:Phil_5'22.
|
|---|
| 118
| Dolabella leaves Italy in order to take over the province of Asia.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_15.13'5,
:AdBrut_19'1;(1.11)
+Appian:BCiv_3'24;*
+DioCass_45.15'2,
47.21'3,
29'1;
{ CAH_9'477.}
|
|---|
| 119
| {October} Document: Cic:Fam_12.3 & 12.23, letters from Cicero to Cassius and Cornificius.
|
|---|
| 120
| Document: Cic:Fam_11.27-28, letters of Cicero to and from Matius.
|
|---|
| 121
| Document: Cic:Att_15.13 & Cic:Fam_16.25, letters from Cicero to Atticus and from M.Cicero Junior to Tiro.
|
|---|
| 122
| GRE Brutus arrives in Athens and begins to gather money and supporters.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
ValMax_1.5'7;
Plut:Brut_24'1-7;*
DioCass_47.20'4.
|
|---|
| 123
| SYR Marcius Crispus, the governor of Bithynia, intervenes in Syria and besieges Bassus.
@
Appian:BCiv_3'77-78,(↓)
4'58;(↓)
{ MRR_2'219.}
|
|---|
| 124
| ROM Document: Cic:Amic_, Cicero's treatise "De Amicitia" (On Friendship).
{ CAH_9'477; Cicero wrote this treatise in between "De Divinatione" and "De Officiis".}
|
|---|
| 125
| Antonius condemns Cn.Seius to death.
@
Gell_3.9'1-4;
{ before or at the same time as Dolabella left Italy.}
|
|---|
| 126
| Octavianus brings a large number of veterans to Rome, but they refuse to fight against Antonius.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_16.8'1-2,
11'6,
:Fam_11.7'2,
:Phil_3'3,
4'3-4,
5'3,
'23,
'43-46;
[Liv]:Per_117;
NicDam_130'130-138;
Aug:ResGest_1;
Vell_2.61'1-2;
Tac:Ann_1'10;
+Appian:BCiv_3'40-42,*
'58;
+DioCass_45.12'1-6,
38'3,
55.24'8;
{ CAH_9'478.}
|
|---|
| 127
| {November} Document: Cic:Att_16.8-15 & Cic:Fam_16.24, letters from Cicero to Atticus and Tiro.
|
|---|
| 128
| Document: Cic:Off_, Cicero's treatise "De Officiis" (On Duties).
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_15.13'6,*
16.11'4,
14'3;
{ OCD_c.}
|
|---|
| 129
| ITA Two legions desert from Antonius to Octavianus, while marching from Brundisium to Rome.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_16.8'2,
:Fam_11.7'2,
:Phil_3'3-7,
'10,
4'4-6,
5'4,
'22-23,
'42,
'52,
12'12,
13'18;
[Liv]:Per_117;
NicDam_130'129,
'139;
Vell_2.61'2;
Tac:Ann_1'10;
+Appian:BCiv_3'43-45,*
'52,(↓)
'56,
'67;(↓)
+DioCass_45.13'1-4,
35'3,
38'5;
{ CAH_9'478.}
|
|---|
| 130
| ROM {24 November} Antonius summons a meeting of the senate, but then postpones it.
@
#Cic:Phil_3'19-20,
5'23,
13'19.
|
|---|
| 131
| {28 November} Antonius holds a hurried meeting of the senate, before going to meet his troops.
@
#Cic:Phil_3'20-25;
{ CAH_9'478.}
|
|---|
| 132
| Antonius formally leaves Rome, and sets off for Cisalpine Gaul.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Phil_3'1-2,
'11,
'24,
'31,
5'24,
13'20;
+Appian:BCiv_3'46;
+DioCass_45.13'5,*
20'4.
|
|---|
| 133
| GER Plancus founds a Roman colony at Raurica, on the river Rhine.
@
CIL_10.6087;
{ Probably after an expedition against the Rhaeti - see MRR_2'230.}
|
|---|
| 134
| MAC Brutus seizes control of Macedonia.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Cic:Phil_10'24-26,
11'27;
Vell_2.62'2-3;
Plut:Brut_25'1-3;*
:Mor_694'C;
Appian:Ill_13,(↓)
:BCiv_5'6;
DioCass_47.20'4-21'5;
{ CAH_9'481.}
|
|---|
| 135
| CIL >> Cassius persuades the inhabitants of Cilicia, including Tarsus, to support him.
@
DioCass_47.26'1-2.
|
|---|
| 136
| ETR Document: Cic:Phil_2, Cicero's "Second Philippic", a passionate invective against Antonius.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Cic:Att_15.13'1,*
16.11'1-2,
:Phil_2'110;
Juvenal_10'120-126;
{ CAH_9'477.}
|
|---|
| 137
| ROM {9 December} Cicero returns to Rome.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_16.15'6,*
#:Fam_11.5'1;
{ CAH_9'479.}
|
|---|
| 138
| Document: Cic:Fam_10.3, a letter from Cicero to Plancus.
|
|---|
| 139
| Octavianus offers to use his legions to fight on behalf of the senate against Antonius.
* Read Appian's account
@
Vell_2.61'3;
Tac:Ann_1'10;
+Appian:BCiv_3'47-48,*
'75,
'87;
+DioCass_45.14'1-15'3.
|
|---|
| 140
| Omens precede the outbreak of civil war between Antonius, Octavianus and their enemies.
* Read Vergilius' account
@
Verg:Georg_1'466-488;*
Plin:HN_2'99;
Obseq_68.
|
|---|
| 141
| CIS Decimus Brutus refuses to surrender Cisalpine Gaul to Antonius, and prepares for war.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Fam_11.6'2,
7'3,
:Phil_3'8-12,
'37,
4'7,
6'8-9,
7'24;
{ OCD_b.}
|
|---|
| 142
| ROM {20 December} Document: Cic:Phil_3 & 4, two speeches of Cicero, to the Roman senate and people.
* Read Cicero's account
@
#Cic:Fam_11.6'2-3,*
12.22a'3,
25'2,
:Phil_5'2-3,
'28-30,
6'1-2,
10'23,
14'20;
{ CAH_9'479.}
|
|---|
| 143
| {December} Document: Cic:Fam_11.5-7 & 12.22a, letters from Cicero to Decimus Brutus and Cornificius.
|
|---|
| 144
| CIS M.Antonius enters Cisalpine Gaul, and starts to besiege Decimus Brutus at Mutina.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Phil_5'24-25,
13'20;
[Liv]:Per_117;
Flor_2.15'3;
+Appian:BCiv_3'49;*
Oros_6.18'3;
{ CAH_9'479.}
|
|---|
| 145
| ROM Document: Cic:Fam_10.4 & 16.26-27, letters from Plancus to Cicero and from Q.Cicero to Tiro.
|
|---|
| 146
| ++ As a student, the geographer Strabo is taught by Aristodemus, Tyrannion and Xenarchus.
* Read Appian's account
@
Strab_12'548,* (3.16)
14'650,(1.48)
'670,(5.4)
16'757;(2.24)
{ Strabo probably received much of his education at Rome, which he first visited in 44 B.C.}
|
|---|
|
|---|
