| 1
| ROM {1 January -R} M.Antonius speaks in the senate against the appointment of Dolabella as suffect consul.
* Read Cicero's account
@
#Cic:Phil_2'79-81,*
'83,
'99;
Plut:Ant_11'2.
|
|---|
| 2
| AFR << Caesar plans to found a Roman colony on the site of Carthage.
* Read Appian's account
@
Strab_17'833;(3.15)
Plin:HN_5'25;
Plut:Caes_57'8;
Appian:Pun_136;*
Paus_2.1'2;
+DioCass_43.50'3-5;
{ CAH_9'446; Caesar probably did not do much more than propose the colony before he died.}
|
|---|
| 3
| PEL << Caesar founds a Roman colony on the site of Corinth.
* Read Dio's account
@
Diod_32.27'1,
'3;
Strab_8'379,(6.21)
'381-382,(6.23)
17'833;(3.15)
Mela_2'48;
Plin:HN_4'10;
Plut:Caes_57'8;
Paus_2.1'2,
3'1,
'7,
5.1'2;
+DioCass_43.50'3-5;*
Julian:Ep_28.409'D;
{ OCD_c.}
|
|---|
| 4
| NAR << Other colonies founded by Caesar, at Forum Julii, Heracleia Pontica, Ilium, Novum Comum, Sinope and in Sicily.
* Read Strabo's account
@
Strab_5'213,(1.6)
6'272,(2.4)
12'542,* (3.6)
'546,(3.11)
13'593,(1.26)
'594-595;(1.27)
Plin:HN_3'35;
Mela_2'77.
|
|---|
| 5
| BAE Document: ARS_114 & CIL_add.2, 'Lex Ursonensis' - the charter of the colony of Urso in Spain.
{ CAH_9'445; probably compiled before the death of Caesar, but published later by Antonius.}
|
|---|
| 6
| SPA Caesar sends Asinius Pollio to command his forces against Sextus Pompeius in Spain.
@
Appian:BCiv_4'84;
{ OCD_p.}
|
|---|
| 7
| ROM Caesar extends the pomerium of the city of Rome.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Att_13.20'1,
35'1;
Gell_13.14'4;
+DioCass_43.50'1,*
44.49'2.
|
|---|
| 8
| Caesar recalls C.Antonius and other exiles.
* Read Dio's account
@
Strab_10'455;(2.13)
+Appian:BCiv_2'107;(↓)
+DioCass_43.50'1-2.*
|
|---|
| 9
| Caesar restores the statues of Pompeius.
* Read Dio's account
@
Vell_2.61'3;
Plut:Caes_57'6,
:Cic_40'4,
:Mor_91'A,
205'E;
Suet:Caes_75'4;
Polyaen_8.23'3;
+DioCass_43.49'1-2.*
|
|---|
| 10
| The month of Quintilis is rename July, in honour of Caesar.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_16.1'1;
Plut:Num_19'6;
Suet:Caes_76'1;
Flor_2.13'91;
Appian:BCiv_2'106;* (↓)
+DioCass_44.5'2,
45.7'2;
Censor:DN_22'16;
Hieron:Chron_1973;
Macrob:Sat_1.12'34.L
|
|---|
| 11
| The senate grants further extravagant honours to Caesar.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Phil_2'110;
NicDam_130'67;
Plut:Caes_57'2-4;
Suet:Caes_76'1;
Flor_2.13'91;
Appian:BCiv_2'106;(↓)
+DioCass_44.3'1-7'3.*
|
|---|
| 12
| Caesar fails to stand for a delegation from the senate.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
[Liv]:Per_116;
NicDam_130'78-79;
Plut:Caes_60'4-8;*
Appian:BCiv_2'107;
Suet:Caes_78'1;
+DioCass_44.8'1-4;
Eutrop_6.25'1.
|
|---|
| 13
| {26 January} Some of the crowd acclaim Caesar as king during a procession from the Alban Mount, but he rejects the title.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
#FastTr_p108;
Plut:Caes_60'1-3;*
Suet:Caes_79'2;
+DioCass_44.9'1,
10'1;
{ CAH_9'463.}
|
|---|
| 14
| Caesar deposes the tribunes Marullus and Flavus, after they remove a diadem from his statue on the rostra.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Phil_13'31;
[Liv]:Per_116;
NicDam_130'69-70;
Vell_2.68'4-5;
ValMax_5.7'2;
Plut:Brut_9'8,
12'4,
:Caes_61'8-10;
Suet:Caes_79'1,
80'3;
+Appian:BCiv_2'108,
4'93;
+DioCass_44.9'2-10'4;*
{ CAH_9'464.}
|
|---|
| 15
| {January} Document: Cic:Fam_7.30 & 13.50, letters from Cicero to Curius and Acilius.
|
|---|
| 16
| Caesar rejects suggestions that he should have a bodyguard.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
NicDam_130'80;
Vell_2.57'1;
Plut:Caes_57'7-8;*
Suet:Caes_86'1;
+Appian:BCiv_2'109;
+DioCass_44.7'4.
|
|---|
| 17
| {9 February} Caesar and the senate pass a decree confirming their friendly relations with the Jews.
* Read Josephus' account
@
Joseph:AJ_14'211-212,*
#'222.
|
|---|
| 18
| Caesar is appointed dictator for life (dictator perpetuus).
* Read Dio's account
@
[Liv]:Per_116;
Joseph:AJ_14'211;
Plut:Caes_57'1;
Suet:Caes_76'1;
Flor_2.13'91;
Appian:BCiv_2'106;
Gell_19.8'3;
+DioCass_44.8'4,*
46.17'5;
[Vict]:VirIll_78'10;L
Zonar_7'13;(p109)
{ CAH_9'463; OCD_c.}
|
|---|
| 19
| {15 February} Antonius offers a diadem to Caesar at the festival of Lupercalia, but the crowd voice strong disapproval.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Phil_2'84-87,*
3'12,
5'38,
13'17;
[Liv]:Per_116;
NicDam_130'71-75;
Vell_2.56'4;
Plut:Caes_61'1-7,
:Ant_12'1-4;
Suet:Caes_79'2;
+Appian:BCiv_2'109;
DioCass_44.11'1-3,
45.30'1-32'4,
34'1-2,
46.5'1-3,
17'1-8,
19'1-8;
+Cassiod:Chr_710;
{ CAH_9'464; OCD_l.}
|
|---|
| 20
| Caesar allows Marullus and Flavus to return from exile, at the request of the praetor Cinna.
@
NicDam_130'76.
|
|---|
| 21
| Caesar appoints the magistrates for the next two years.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Phil_13'24;
NicDam_130'77;
Plut:Caes_58'1;
+DioCass_43.51'3-9;*
Eutrop_6.25'1.
|
|---|
| 22
| Caesar appoints Octavianus to become magister equitum, when Lepidus leaves Rome.
* Read Dio's account
@
FastCap_p78;
Plin:HN_7'147;
+Appian:BCiv_3'9;
+DioCass_43.51'7;*
{ CAH_9'466; OCD_c.}
|
|---|
| 23
| C.Cassius persuades M.Brutus to join him in a conspiracy against Caesar.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Cic:Phil_2'26;
Sen:Ben_2.20'1-3;
Plut:Brut_7'6-10'7,*
29'7,
54'3,
56'11,
57'3-6,
:Caes_62'1-10,
:Mor_206'E;
Suet:Caes_80'1-3;
Flor_2.13'92-93;
+Appian:BCiv_2'111-113;
+DioCass_44.11'4-13'1,
14'2,
45.41'1-2.
|
|---|
| 24
| Brutus and Cassius bring together many other conspirators.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Phil_2'27;
Vell_2.56'3;
NicDam_130'59-66,
'80-81;
Sen:Ep_83'12;
Plut:Cic_42'1;
:Brut_11'1-12'7,
:Ant_13'1-2;
Suet:Caes_80'4,
:Gal_3'2;
+Appian:BCiv_2'113-114;* (↓)
+DioCass_44.14'3-15'4;
Eutrop_6.25'1;
August:DeCiv_3'30.(↓)
|
|---|
| 25
| {February} Document: Cic:Fam_7.31, a letter from Cicero to Curius.
|
|---|
| 26
| Antonius blocks Dolabella's election as consul.
* Read Cicero's account
@
~Cic:Phil_2'82-84;*
FastCap_p78;
{ OCD_d.}
|
|---|
| 27
| Porcia stabs herself to prove her loyalty to her husband Brutus.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
ValMax_3.2'15;
Plut:Brut_13'1-11;*
Polyaen_8.32'1;
+DioCass_44.13'1-14'1.
|
|---|
| 28
| GRE << The end of a period of 14 successive leaders of the Epicurean school of philosophy at Athens.
@
~Suda_E'2404;
{ According to N.W.De Witt, Epicurus and his Philosophy pp.331-2, the school continued in a diminished form until at least the 2nd century A.D.}
|
|---|
| 28a
| ASI {4 March} Document: SEG_39.1290, a decree of Caesar confirming the inviolability of a temple in Sardis.
|
|---|
| 28b
| EGY {8 Phamenoth -E = 9 March} Document: OGIS_184, an obeisance to Isis performed by the strategus Ptolemaeus.
|
|---|
| 29
| ROM Rumours about Caesar's future plans, including a long expedition to the east.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Cic:Div_2'110,
:Phil_5'7;
NicDam_130'68;
Strab_7'298;(3.5)
Plut:Caes_58'4-10;*
Suet:Caes_44'3,
79'3;
+Appian:BCiv_2'110;
+DioCass_43.51'1-2.
|
|---|
| 30
| Omens foretell the death of Caesar.
* Read Suetonius' account
@
Cic:Div_1'119,
2'36-37;
Ovid:Met_15'761-798;
Liv_fr'47;L
Vell_2.57'2-3;
Plin:HN_2'98;
Plut:Caes_63'1-4;
Suet:Caes_81'1-3;*
+DioCass_44.17'1-3;
Obseq_67;
Hieron:Chron_1973.
|
|---|
| 31
| ?? Stratagems employed by Caesar during his wars.
* Read Suetonius' account
@
Suet:Caes_65'1-67'2;*
Polyaen_8.23'17-22.
|
|---|
| 32
| ?? Various sayings of Caesar, including a comment on the dictatorship of Sulla.
* Read Polyaenus' account
@
Quint_6.3'38,
'91;
Frontin:Str_4.7'1;
Suet:Caes_77'1,
78'2;
Polyaen_8.23'32-33;*
[Vict]:Epit_1'14.L
|
|---|
| 33
| ++ L. Caecilius, Cratippus, Pompeius Trogus, Q.Sextius and Theopompus are associates of Caesar.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Strab_14'656;(2.15)
Sen:Ep_98'13;
Plut:Cic_24'5-6;*
Just_43.5'12;
Macrob:Sat_2.6'5.L
|
|---|
| 34
| ++ General comments on the brilliant and ambitious character of Caesar.
* Read Suetonius' account
@
Cic:Off_1'26,
3'82-85,
:Fam_11.28'2,
:Phil_2'116-117;
Ovid:Met_15'746-759;
Sen:Ep_94'65,
:Ben_5.16'5,
:Dial_5.30'4;
Plin:HN_7'91-94,
28'21;L
Plut:Brut_55'2,
:Caes_3'2-3,
15'1-17'11;
Suet:Caes_45'1-75'5;*
Appian:BCiv_2'149-154,
4'91-92;
Julian:Caes_321'B-C,
331'C-332'B.
|
|---|
| 35
| {14 March} While dining at the house of Lepidus, Caesar remarks that the best kind of death is a sudden one.
* Read Suetonius' account
@
Plut:Caes_63'7,
:Mor_206'F;
#Suet:Caes_87'1;*
+Appian:BCiv_2'115.
|
|---|
| 36
| {15 March} Julius Caesar is murdered in the senate-house by Brutus, Cassius and the other conspirators.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_14.10'1,
:Div_2'23,
:Phil_2'28-29,
'88-89,
13'22,
:AdBrut_23'4;(1.15)
[Liv]:Per_116;
Ovid:Met_15'799-851,
:Fast_3'697-707;
NicDam_130'66,
'82-97;
Vell_2.58'1-2,
87'3;
ValMax_1.6'13,
7'2,
4.5'6,
8.11'2;
Sen:Dial_5.30'4-5;
Plut:Brut_14'1-18'8,
:Caes_63'5-6,
63'8-67'6,
:Ant_13'2-14'1;
Joseph:BJ_1'218;
Suet:Caes_81'4-82'4;
Flor_2.13'94-95,
17'1-2;
+Appian:BCiv_2'115-120,*
'149,
'153,
3'34,
4'8;(↓)
+DioCass_44.16'1-21'4,
22'2,
46.22'3-4,
47.49'4;
[Vict]:VirIll_78'10,L
83'6;L
Hieron:Chron_1973;
Oros_6.17'1-2;
{ CAH_9'468.}
|
|---|
| 37
| {16 March} M.Brutus makes a speech in defence of the conspirators, who send envoys to negotiate with Antonius and Lepidus.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_15.1a'2;
NicDam_130'49,
'98-105;
Plut:Brut_18'9-14,
:Caes_67'4-7,
:Ant_14'1;
+Appian:BCiv_2'121-125,*
3'2,(↓)
'7,
'54;
+DioCass_44.21'3-22'2;
{ CAH_9'469.}
|
|---|
| 38
| {17 March} The senate votes for an amnesty, and Brutus and Cassius make a show of reconciliation with Antonius and Lepidus.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_14.10'1,
14'2;
:Phil_1'1-2,
'31-32,
2'89-90;
[Liv]:Per_116;
NicDam_130'50,
'106;
Vell_2.58'2-4;
Plut:Cic_42'2,
:Brut_19'1-3,
:Caes_67'8-9,
:Ant_14'2-4;
Suet:Tib_4'1;
Flor_2.17'3-4;
+Appian:BCiv_2'126-142,*
3'15,
'34-35,
4'94;
+DioCass_44.22'3-34'7;
{ For a perceptive account of the rest of this year, see Syme_p97-162.}
|
|---|
| 39
| {18 March} The senate authorises the publication of the full details of Caesar's will.
* Read Appian's account
@
Vell_2.59'1;
Plut:Brut_19'4-5;
Suet:Caes_83'1-2;
+Appian:BCiv_2'136,*
'143;
+DioCass_44.35'1-3.
|
|---|
| 40
| {20 March} Caesar's funeral is followed by violent disturbances in the city of Rome.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_14.10'1,
:Phil_2'90-91;
[Liv]:Per_116;
Vell_2.59'1;
ValMax_9.9'1;
Quint_6.1'31;
Plut:Cic_42'4,
:Brut_20'1-11,
:Caes_68'1-6;
:Ant_14'3-4;
Suet:Caes_84'1-85'1;
+Appian:BCiv_2'142-148,*
3'15,(↓)
'19,
'35;
+DioCass_44.35'1-50'4,
45.23'4;
Oros_6.17'3;
{ CAH_9'470.}
|
|---|
| 41
| ETR {20 March} The birth of Lucius, the elder brother of the poet Ovidius.
@
#Ovid:Tr_4.10'9-14;
{ exactly a year before the birth of Ovid (OCD_o).}
|
|---|
| 42
| ROM C.Casca makes a public statement, denying that he took part in Caesar's murder.
@
+DioCass_44.52'1-3.
|
|---|
| 43
| {? 22 March} Document: Cic:Fam_11.1, a letter from D.Brutus to M.Brutus and Cassius.
|
|---|
| 44
| ILL Octavianus decides to return from Apollonia to Italy.
* Read Nicolaus' account
@
NicDam_130'38-48;*
Vell_2.59'5;
Plut:Brut_22'1-3;
+Appian:BCiv_3'9-10;
+DioCass_45.3'1;
{ OCD_augustus.}
|
|---|
| 45
| ITA Octavianus arrives at Brundisium, and takes on the name of Caesar.
* Read Nicolaus' account
@
[Liv]:Per_117;
NicDam_130'51-57;*
Vell_2.60'1-2;
Plut:Brut_22'3;
Suet:Aug_7'2;
+Appian:BCiv_3'11;
+DioCass_45.3'2-4'3;
Obseq_68;
[Vict]:Epit_1'2;L
Oros_6.18'1.
|
|---|
| 46
| ROM Antonius implements, and allegedly falsifies, written proposals left by Caesar.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_14.12'1,
13'6,
16.16b'8-9,
:Fam_12.1'1,
:Phil_1'16-26,*
2'35,
'93-97,
'100,
3'30,
5'11-12;
Vell_2.60'4;
Plut:Ant_15'1-3;
Suet:Aug_35'1;
+Appian:BCiv_3'5;
+DioCass_44.53'1-5,
45.23'5-24'1,
47'3-4,
46.23'1-4;
{ CAH_9'473.}
|
|---|
| 47
| Antonius seizes all of Caesar's money from the temple of Ops.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_14.14'5,*
18'1,
:Phil_2'35,
'93,
3'30;
[Cic]:AdOct_3.L
|
|---|
| 48
| {? March} Document: Cic:Fam_6.16, a letter from Pompeius Bithynicus to Cicero.
|
|---|
| 49
| Brutus and Cassius leave the city of Rome, but stay in Latium.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Cic:Phil_1'6;
Plut:Brut_21'1-2,*
:Caes_68'7;
Suet:Aug_10'1;
{ CAH_9'470.}
|
|---|
| 50
| The provinces are redistributed: Syria is assigned to Dolabella, Macedonia to Antonius, Crete to Brutus, and Cyrenaica to Cassius.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_14.4'4,
9'3,
15.5'2,
:Phil_2'31;
+Appian:BCiv_3'7-8,*
'16,
'36,
'55,
4'57;(↓)
{ CAH_9'471.}
|
|---|
| 51
| ETR Octavianus travels across Italy to Tarracina in Latium.
@
Appian:BCiv_3'12.
|
|---|
| 52
| ROM Antonius passes a law to ban the creation of dictators.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Phil_1'3-4,*
'32,
2'91,
'115,
5'10;
[Cic]:AdOct_3;L
{ CAH_9'473.}
|
|---|
| 54
| Lepidus is appointed to be pontifex maximus, in place of Caesar.
* Read Dio's account
@
[Liv]:Per_117;
Vell_2.63'1;
+DioCass_44.53'6-7;*
{ CAH_9'471; OCD_l.}
|
|---|
| 55
| Octavianus arrives in Rome.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_14.5'3;
Vell_2.59'6;
Plut:Cic_43'6,
:Brut_22'3;
Suet:Aug_8'2,
95'1;
Plin:HN_2'98;
+Appian:BCiv_3'13-14;*
+DioCass_45.4'4-5'2;
Obseq_68;
Oros_6.20'5.
|
|---|
| 56
| Octavianus meets Antonius, but fails to gain his support.
* Read Appian's account
@
NicDam_130'107;
Vell_2.60'3;
Plut:Ant_16'1-4,
:Mor_206'F-207'A;
Flor_2.15'1-2;
+Appian:BCiv_3'14-21;*
+DioCass_45.5'3-4.
|
|---|
| 57
| {11 April} The senate formally ratifies its previous decree in favour of the Jews.
@
#Joseph:AJ_14'217-222.
|
|---|
| 58
| Amatius (or Herophilus), the "false Marius", is put to death by Antonius, after setting up an altar to Caesar.
* Read Appian's account
@
Cic:Att_14.6'1,
8'1,
:Phil_1'5;
[Liv]:Per_116;
NicDam_128'31-35;
ValMax_9.15'1;
+Appian:BCiv_3'2-4,*
'16,
'36,
'57;
+DioCass_44.51'1-3;
{ CAH_9'470.}
|
|---|
| 59
| Document: Cic:Div_, Cicero's treatise "De Divinatione".
@
Cic:Div_2'6;
{ OCD_c.}
|
|---|
| 60
| EGY Cleopatra leaves Rome and returns to Egypt.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_14.8'1,*
20'2,
15.15'2;
{ CAH_9'471; Hölbl_p239.}
|
|---|
| 60a
| Antonius gives control of the island of Cyprus to Cleopatra and Arsinoē.
@
Strab_14'685;(6.6)
DioCass_42.35'5-6;
{ It is uncertain exactly when Cleopatra gained control of Cyprus: see Bennett.}
|
|---|
| 60b
| {22 Pharmouthi -E = April} Document: AET_9.9'A, a horoscope from Athribis.
|
|---|
| 61
| SPA Sex.Pompeius defeats Asinius Pollio.
* Read Dio's account
@
Cic:Att_15.20'3,
22'1,
16.4'1-2;
Vell_2.73'2;
+DioCass_45.10'1-4.*
|
|---|
| 62
| CIS Decimus Brutus takes command of the army in his province of Cisalpine Gaul.
@
Cic:Att_14.13'2.
|
|---|
| 63
| ROM Antonius recalls Sex.Cloelius and other exiles.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_14.13'6,
13a'2,
13b'3,
14'2,
19'2,
:Phil_1'3,
2'9-10,*
'98-99,
3'30.
|
|---|
| 64
| Dolabella pulls down an altar and column, which had been erected in honour of Caesar.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_14.15'1,
16'2,
17a'3,
'8,
19'5,
:Fam_11.2'2,
12.1'1,
:Phil_1'5,*
'30,
'107.
|
|---|
| 65
| Atticus refuses to donate to a fund in support of Brutus and Cassius.
@
Nepos:Att_8'1-4.
|
|---|
| 66
| {April} Document: Cic:Att_14.1-14, letters from Cicero to Atticus.
|
|---|
| 67
| ITA Antonius visits Campania, and allocates land to veterans.
* Read Cicero's account
@
Cic:Att_15.19'2,
:Phil_2'43,
'100-107,*
3'22,
8'25-26,
11'12;
DioCass_45.30'2,
46.8'2;
{ CAH_9'473.}
|
|---|
| 68
| ROM {3 May} Document: Cic:Fam_9.14 & 12.1, letters from Cicero to Dolabella and Cassius.
|
|---|
| 69
| Octavianus raises money and pays 300 sesterces to every Roman citizen, according to the terms of Caesar's will.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Aug:ResGest_15;
Plut:Ant_16'2.*
|
|---|
| 70
| Many lawsuits are brought before the consuls for recovery of property from Octavianus, as the heir of Caesar.
@
Appian:BCiv_3'22.
|
|---|
