ALEXANDER THE GREAT, 356-323 B.C.
PTOL. II PHILADELPHUS, 285-246
PTOL. III EUERGETES I, 246-221
PTOL. IV PHILOPATOR, 221-203
PTOL. V EPIPHANES, 203-181/180
PTOL. VI PHILOMETOR, 181/180-145
PTOL. VII EUERGETES II (Physcon), 145-116
PTOL. VIII SOTER II (Lathyrus), 116-108/107, 88-80
PTOL. IX ALEXANDER I, 108/107-88
PTOL. X ALEXANDER II, 80
PTOL. XI AULETES, 80-51
PTOL. XII and CLEOPATRA VII, 51-48
PTOL. XIII and CLEOPATRA VII, 47-44
CLEOPATRA VII and PTOL. XIV CAESAR (Caesarion), ?44-30
ANTIOCHUS I, 281-261
ANTIOCHUS II (son), 261-246
SELEUCUS II (son), 246-225
SELEUCUS III (son), 226-223
ANTIOCHUS III (son of SELEUCUS II), 223-187
SELEUCUS IV (son), 187-175
ANTIOCHUS IV (brother of SELEUCUS IV), 175-?164
ANTIOCHUS V (son of ANTIOCHUS IV), 164?-162
DEMETRIUS I (brother of ANTIOCHUS IV), 162-150
ALEXANDER BALAS (allegedly son of ANTIOCHUS IV), 150-145
ANTIOCHUS VI (son of BALAS), 145-143/42
DEMETRIUS II (son of DEMETRIUS I), 145-139/38, 129-125
ANTIOCHUS VII (brother of DEMETRIUS II), 139/38-129
[ALEXANDER II ZABINAS], 128-123
ANTIOCHUS VIII, 125-121, 121-96
SELEUCUS V, 125
ANTIOCHUS IX, 115-95
SELEUCUS VI, 96-95
ANTIOCHUS X, 95-83
ANTIOCHUS XI, 92
PHILIPPUS I, 92-83
DEMETRIUS III, 95-88
ANTIOCHUS XII, 87-84
[TIGRANES of Armenia], 83-69
ANTIOCHUS XIII, 69-64
PHILIPPUS II, 65-64
MITHRIDATES II, 302/301-266/265
ARIOBARZANES, 266/265-c. 250
MITHRIDATES III, c. 250-c. 185
PHARNACES I, c. 185-c. 170
MITHRIDATES IV PHILOPATOR PHILADELPHUS, c. 170-c. 150
MITHRIDATES V EUERGETES, c. 150-121/120
MITHRIDATES VI EUPATOR DIONYSUS, 121/120-63
PHARNACES II, 63-47
DARIUS, 39-?37
NICOMEDES I, c. 279-c.250
ZIAELAS, c. 250-c. 230
PRUSIAS I, c. 230-c. 180
PRUSIAS II, c. 180-149
NICOMEDES II EPIPHANES, 149-c. 94
NICOMEDES III EPIPHANES PHILOPATOR, c. 94-75/74
ARIARATHES IV EUSEBES, 220-163
ARIARATHES V EUSEBES PHILOPATOR, 163-c. 130
Disorder in the kingdom during the regency of the queen-mother Nysa.
ARIARATHES VI EPIPHANES PHILOPATOR, c. 126-111
ARIARATHES VII PHILOMETOR, 111-c. 100
With the death of ARIARATHES VII, the dynasty ended. Hereafter the kings were elected by the nobles.
ARIOBARZANES I PHILOROMAIOS, c. 95-62
ARIOBARZANES II PHILOPATOR, 62-51
ARIOBARZANES III EUSEBES PHILOROMAIOS, 51-42
SAMUS II THEOSEBES DIKAIOS, c. 130-c. 100
MITHRIDATES I CALLINICUS, c. 100-c. 70
ANTIOCHUS I THEOS c. 70-c. 35
[Decline of the Roman Republic, 133-31 B.C.]
AUGUSTUS, 27 B.C.-A.D. 14
TIBERIUS, 14-37
CALIGULA, 37-41
CLAUDIUS, 41-54
NERO, 54-68
VESPASIAN, 70-79
TITUS, 79-81
DOMITIAN, 81-96
TRAJAN, 98-117
HADRIAN, 117-137
ANTONINUS PIUS, 138-161
MARCUS AURELIUS, 161-180
COMMODUS, 180-192
CARACALLA, 211-217
MACRINUS, 217-218
ELAGABALUS, 218-222
ALEXANDER SEVERUS, 222-235
MAXIMINUS and GORDIAN I, 235-238
GORDIAN III, 238-244
GALLIENUS, 253-268
CLAUDIUS GOTHICUS, 268-270
AURELIAN, 270-275
TACITUS, 275-276 and FLORIAN, 276
PROBUS, 276-282
CARUS, CARINUS, and NUMERIANUS, 282-284
DIOCLETIAN, 285-305
CONSTANTINIAN DYNASTY
CONSTANTIUS, 337-361 SOLE EMPEROR AFTER 351
JULIAN THE APOSTATE, 361-363 SOLE EMPEROR
JOVIAN, 363-364 SOLE EMPEROR
VALENS, 364-378
THEODOSIAN DYNASTY
THEODOSIUS I, THE GREAT, 379-395 SOLE EMPEROR AFTER
392
ARCADIUS, 395-408
THEODOSIUS II, 408-450 ANTHEMIUS, REGENT 408-414
MARCIAN, 450-457
LEONINE DYNASTY
LEO I, 457-474
LEO II, 474
ZENO, 474-491 BASILISCUS, USURPER 475-76
ANASTASIUS I, 491-518
JUSTINIAN DYNASTY
JUSTIN I, 518-527
JUSTINIAN I, 527-565
JUSTIN II, 565-578 SOPHIA, REGENT 573-574
TIBERIUS, REGENT 574-578
TIBERIUS II, 578-582
MAURICE, 582-602
THEODOSIUS, CO-EMPEROR 590-602
PHOCAS, 602-610
HERACLIAN DYNASTY
HERACLIUS I, 610-641
CONSTANTINE III, 613-641
HERACLEONAS, 638-641
CONSTANTINE III, 641
HERACLEONAS, 641 MARTINA, REGENT 641.
CONSTANS II, 641-668
CONSTANTINE IV, 659-668
HERACLIUS, 659-681
TIBERIUS, 659-681
CONSTANTINE IV, POGONATUS 668-685
JUSTIANIAN II, RHINOTMETUS 685-695
LEONTIUS, 695-698
TIBERIUS III, APSIMAR 698-705
JUSTINIAN II, RHINOTMETUS 705-711
TIBERIUS, 706-711
PHILIPPICUS, BARDANES 711-713
ANASTASIUS II, ARTEMIUS 713-715
THEODOSIUS III, 715-717
ISAURIAN DYNASTY
LEO III, THE ISAURIAN 717-740
CONSTANTINE V, 720-740
CONSTANTINE V, COPRONYMUS 740-775
LEO IV, 750-775
LEO IV, THE KHAZAR 775-780
CONSTANTINE VI, 776-780
CONSTANTINE VI, 780-797 IRENE, REGENT 780-790, 792-797
IRENE, 797-802
NICEPHORUS I, 802-811
STAURACIUS, 811
MICHAEL I, RHANGABE 811-813
LEO V, THE ARMENIAN 813-820
AMORIAN DYNASTY
MICHAEL II, THE AMORIAN 820-829
THEOPHILUS, 821-829
THEOPHILUS, 829-842
MICHAEL III, THE DRUNKARD 842-867 THEODORA, REGENT
842-856
BARDAS, REGENT 862-866
BASIL I, 866-867
MACEDONIAN DYNASTY
BASIL I, THE MACEDONIAN 867-886
CONSTANTINE, 869-880
LEO VI, 870-886
ALEXANDER, 871-912
LEO VI, THE WISE 886-912
CONSTANTINE VII, 911-913
ALEXANDER, 912-913
CONSTANTINE VII, PORPHYROGENITUS 913-919 REGENCY
COUNCIL 913.
ZOE CARBOPSINA, REGENT, 913-919.
ROMANUS I, LECAPENUS 919-944
CONSTANTINE VII, 919-944
CHRISTOPHER LECAPENUS, 921-931
STEPHEN LECAPENUS, 924-945
CONSTANTINE LECAPENUS, 924-945
CONSTANTINE VII, PORPHYROGENNETUS 944-959
ROMANUS II, c.950-959
ROMANUS II, 959-963
BASIL II, 960-963
CONSTANTINE VIII, 961-1025
BASIL II, BULGAROCTONUS 963 TEOPHANO, REGENT 963
NICEPHORUS II, PHOCAS 963-969
BASIL II, 963-976
JOHN I, TZIMISCES 969-976
BASIL II, BULGAROCTONUS 976-1025
CONSTANTINE VIII, 1025-1028
ROMANUS III, ARGYRUS 1028-1034
MICHAEL IV, THE PAPHLAGONIAN 1034-1041
MICHAEL V, THE CALFAT 1041-1042
ZOE AND THEODORA, PORPHYROGENNETAE 1042
CONSTANTINE IX, MONOMACHUS 1042-1055
THEODORA, PORPHYROGENNETA 1055-1056
MICHAEL VI, STRATIOTICUS 1056-1057
ISAAC I, COMMENUS 1057-1059
DUCAS DYNASTY
CONSTANTINE X, DUCAS 1059-1067
MICHAEL VII, c.1060-1067
MICHAEL VII, PARAPINACES 1067-1068;
EUDOCIA MACREMBOLITISSA,
REGENT 1067-1068.
ROMANUS IV, DIOGENES 1068-1071
MICHAEL VII, 1068-1071
MICHAEL VII, PARAPINACES 1071-1078
NICEPHORUS III, BOTANIATES 1078-1081
COMNENIAN DYNASTY
ALEXIUS I, COMNENUS 1081-1118
CONSTANTINE DUCAS, 1081-c.1090
JOHN II, 1092-1118
JOHN II, CALOJOHANNES 1118-1143
ALEXIUS, 1119-1142
MANUEL I, 1143-1180
ALEXIUS II, 1172-1180
ALEXIUS II, 1180-1183
MARIA OF ANTIOCH,REGENT 1180-1182.
ANDRONICUS I, 1182-1183
ANDRONICUS I, 1183-1185
ANGELUS DYNASTY
ISAAC II, ANGELUS 1185-1195
ALEXIUS III, 1195-1203
ALEXIUS IV, 1203-1204
ISAAC II, 1203-1204
ALEXIUS V, MURTZUPHLUS 1204
LASCARID DYNASTY
(NICAEAN EMPIRE, 1204-1261)
THEODORE I, LASCARIS 1204-1222
JOHN III, DUCAS VATATZES 1222-1254
THEODORE II, LASCARIS VATATZES 1254-1258
JOHN IV, DUCAS VATATZES 1258
PALAEOLOGAN DYNASTY
MICHAEL VIII, PALAEOLOGUS 1258-1282
ANDRONICUS II, 1272-1282
ANDRONICUS II, 1282-1328
MICHAEL, 1295-1320
ANDRONICUS III, 1325-1328
ANDRONICUS III, 1328-1341
JOHN V, 1341-1347; ANNE OF SAVOY, REGENT 1341-1347
JOHN VI, CANTACUZENE 1347-1355
JOHN V, 1347-1355
MATTHEW CANTACUZENE, 1348-1355
JOHN V, 1355-1376
ANDRONICUS IV, 1376-1379
JOHN VII, 1376-1390
JOHN V, 1379-1390
ANDRONICUS IV, 1379-1385
MANUEL II, 1386-1391
JOHN VII, 1390
JOHN V, 1390-1391
MANUEL II, 1391-1425
JOHN VII, 1399-1412
JOHN VIII, 1423-1425
CONSTANTINE XI, DRAGASES 1448-1453
CONSTANTINE I, THE GREAT, 305-337